Quadratic Equation Session 2

Session Objective

1. Properties of the roots

2. Equations reducible to quadratic form

Quadratic Equation-Symmetric
Function

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Example : + ,
2+2 , 3+3
3 3

2+2 + 3

Expression of and ,
which remains same
even after interchanging
the position of and

Illustrative Problem
If , are the roots of the
equation ax2+bx+c =0. Then

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1
1

find the value of

a+b a+b
Solution

Method 1:

1
1
a( ) 2b
a( ) 2b

a+b a+b (a+b)(a+b) a2 ab( ) b2

b
a( ) 2b
b
c
a
(As

a
a
c
b
2
2
a ( ) ab( ) b
a
a
b

ac

Illustrative problem
If , are the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c =0. Then find the value of
1
1

a+b a+b

Solution -

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Method 2:

a2 + b + c = 0
1

=(a+b)
c

(a+b)=-c
1

Similarly
=(a+b)
c

b
1
1
( )

ac
a+b a+b
c

Illustrative Problem
If one root of the equation
x2+px+q=0 is square of other
then prove that p3+q2+q=3pq
Solution:

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= 2

+= + 2=-p

(+1)=-p

= 3=q
Now ,3(+1)3=-p3
3[3+1+3(+1)]=-p3

q [q +1+ 3(-p)] =-p3

p3+q2+q=3pq

Transformation of Equation
Reciprocal Roots
If the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c=0 are , .Then find
the equation whose roots are
1/, 1/

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Solution:
The required equation
1 1
1
x2 ( )x
0

1
x
x

a
b
x x 0
c
c
2

b

a

c

a

cx2 bx a 0

Transformation of Equation
Reciprocal Roots

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ax2+bx +c = 0 has the roots ,

cx2+bx+a=0 has roots 1 and 1

Short cut : x to be replaced by (1/x)

Why ??
Algorithm : Put y = 1/x

x = 1/y

Transformation of root
If (x-2)(x-5)=0
roots are x=2 or 5
Let x=1/x
1 1
5 0
x 2
x
1
1
Roots are 2 x
x
2

1
1
5x
x
5

If , are roots of the equation ax2+bx+c=0,

a b
roots of 2 c 0 or cx2 bx a 0
x
x
1
1
are
and

Transformation of Equation
Change of Sign of Roots
If the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c=0 are , .Then find
the equation whose roots are -,
-
Solution:

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The required equation

x2 ( )x ()() 0

c
b
x2 x 0
a
a

x2 ( )x () 0

ax2 bx c 0

Short cut : x to be replaced by (-x)

Algorithm : Put y = - x

x =- y

Transformation of Equation
Change of Sign of Roots

If , are the roots of the equation

ax2+bx+c=0 then construct an equation
whose roots are (1/),(1/)

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Method 2:
xnew= (1/x)
Where x satisfies the given(old)
quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0
x

1
xnew

a
xnew

a+bxnew+c(xnew)2=0

1
b
c0

xnew

has roots (1/),(1/)

The quadratic equation having roots (1/),(1/) is

cx2 bx a 0

Illustrative Problem
If the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c=0 are , .Then find
the equation whose roots are
-1/, -1/
Solution
The required equation
1 1
1 1
x2 ( )x
0

1
x

x2

b
a x 1 0
x2
c
c
a
a

cx2 bx a 0

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Short cut :
x to be replaced by
(-1/x)
Algorithm : Put y = - 1/x
x = -1/y

Transformation of root
If (x-2)(x-5)=0
roots are x=2 or 5
Let x=-(1/x)
1
1

5 0
x 2

1
1
Roots are 2 x
x
2

1
1
5 x
x
5

If , are roots of the equation ax2+bx+c=0,

a b
roots of 2 c 0 or cx2 bx a 0
x
x
1
1
are
and

Transformation of EquationIncrement of Roots

If the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c=0 are , Then find the
equation whose roots are +1,+1
Solution:
The required equation
x2 ( 1) ( 1) x ( 1)( 1) 0
x2 ( 2)x ( 1) 0
x2 (

b
b c
2)x ( 1) 0
a
a a

ax2 (2a b)x (a c b) 0

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Transformation of EquationIncrement of Roots

If the roots of the equation ax2+bx+c=0
are , Then find the equation whose
roots are +1,+1

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ax2 (2a b)x (a c b) 0

Short cut : x to be
replaced by (x1)
Algorithm : Put y = x+1
a(x-1)2+b(x-1) +c=0

x = y-1
ax2 (2a-b)x+ (a-b+c)=0

Transformation of EquationSquaring of Roots

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If the roots of the equation

ax2+bx+c=0 are , Then find the
equation whose roots are 2,2
Solution:
The required equation
x2-(2+2)x+ 22 =0

b
x2
a

b
2
x
a

2 x

2 x

x2-[(+)22] x+ ()2 =0
c
a

c
a

0
2

Transformation of EquationSquaring of Roots

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If the roots of the equation

ax2+bx+c=0 are , Then find the
equation whose roots are 2,2

b
2
x
a

2 x

c
a

a2x2 b2 2ac x c2 0
Short cut : x to be
replaced by x
Algorithm : Put y = x2
i.e. when x= then y=2

Illustrative Problem
If the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c=0 are , .Then find the
1
1
equation whose roots are
,
1 1
Solution:
The required equation
1
1
1
x2

( 1)( 1)
1 1

( 1)( 1) x2 ( 2)x 1 0
( 1)x2 ( 2)x 1 0

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Illustrative Problem
If the roots of the equation

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ax2+bx+c=0 are , .Then find the

1
1
equation whose roots are
,
1 1

( 1)x2 ( 2)x 1 0
b
c b
1 x2 ( 2)x 1 0
a
a a

(a+b+c)x2+(2a+b)x+a=0
y 1
1
x
A lgorithm y
y
x 1
2
y 1
y 1
(a+b+c)y2+(2a+b)y+a=0
a

0
y

y
(a+b+c)x2+(2a+b)x+a=0

Equation Reducible to
Quadratic Form

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ax b cx d form

Square both sides to get equivalent

quadratic equation
Verify the values of x in original equation

Some extraneous root may result because of

squaring ()2=+

Illustrative Problem
Solve:

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x x2

Squaring: x=(x-2)2
x=1,4
Verify in original equation
x=4 satisfies

but x=1 does not

Ans: x=4

Equation Reducible to
Quadratic Form
af(x) bf(x) K where ab 1
Substitute af(x)= t
bf(x)=

1
t

as b

1
a

1
t K
t
Solve the quadratic of t

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Illustrative Problem
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Solve for x :

(7 4 3 )

x 2 3

(7 4 3 )

x 2 3

14

Solution:
a=7+43 ; b=7-43 ab =1
x2 -3

(7 4 3 )

Let (7 + 4 3)

=t

1
t + =14
t

t2 -14t +1= 0
t=7 4 3

x2 3

Illustrative Problem
Solve for x : (7 4 3)x

t=7 4 3

(7 4 3)x

14

where t =(7 + 4 3)

x2 3

74 3

x= 2

For 7 + 4 3
x2 3=-1

x2 -3

For 7 + 4 3
x2 3= 1

x2 3

74 3

x= 2

ans.

x= 2 , 2

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Equation Reducible to
Quadratic Form
Special Case:

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af(x) + bf(x) = a + b

Put f(x)= 1; and solve for x

why?
Since ab=1; a=1/b
The equation is
a

f(x)

+a

f(x)

= a+ a

-1

satisfies both f(x)=1 or f(x)=-1

Equation Reducible to
quadratic

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a f ( x ) bf ( x ) an bn
Where a,b R
Put f(x) = n; solve for x.
Solve for x

x2 x

x2 x

Solution:

x2 x

x2 x

x2 x= 2
x= -1 and 2

32 42

25

Illustrative Problem
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Solve for x:
(x2-3x+3)2-(x-1) (x-2)=7
Solution:
(x2-3x+3)2-(x2-3x+2)=7

Make it in the form of a{f(x)}2+bf(x)+c=0

(x2-3x+3)2-(x2-3x+3)-6=0
y2-y-6=0 ;

y= (x2-3x+3)

y= 3, -2 solve for x for both values of y

Illustrative Problem
Solve for x: (x2-3x+3)2-(x-1)(x-2)=7

y= 3, -2 where y=(x2-3x+3)
For y=3
x2-3x+3 = 3

x= 0 and 3

For y=-2
x2-3x+3 = -2
x2-3x+5= 0

x= (3 i 11)/2

x= 0, 3, (3i11)/2

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Illustrative Problem
Solve for x:
(x+1)(x+2) (x+3)(x+4) = 3
Note:Take two factors in pair so
that it can be reduced to
quadratic
Solution:

{(x+1)(x+4)} {(x+3)(x+2)}=3
(x2+5x+4)(x2+5x+6)=3
y(y+2)=3
y2+2y-3=0

where y= x2+5x+4
y=-3 and 1

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Illustrative Problem
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Solve for x:
(x+1)(x+2) (x+3)(x+4) = 3

y=-3 and 1 where y=x2+5x+4

For y=-3
x2+5x+4=-3
x +5x+7=0
2

For y=1

5 i 3
x
2

x2+5x+4=1
x +5x+3= 0
2

5 13 5 i 3
x
,
2
2

5 13
2

Illustrative Problem
Solve for x :
x

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2 2 2 .....

Solution:

x = 2+ x
By squaring
x2 = 2 + x
x= 2 and -1
x=2

x is definitely positive
As 4 =2 ( -2)

Extraneous root

Class- Exercise

Class Exercise Q1.

If r be the ratio of the roots of the
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
show that (r 1)2 b2

r
ac
Solution:

Take roots as r

b
+ r =
a
b
(r + 1) =
a
c
2
Product r = r =
a2
2
(r 1)
b

r
ac

b2
2 (r 1)2 a2 b2

2
c
ac
r
a

Class Exercise Q2
If one root of ax2 + bx + c = 0
is square of other then
(a) b3 + a2c + ac2 = 3abc
(b) a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
(c) ab2 + bc2 + ca2 = abc
(d) None of these
Solution:
Let the roots are and
c
b
2
3
or + =
=
a
a
b
1
a

Class Exercise Q2
If one root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 is square
of other then
(a)b3 + a2c + ac2 = 3abc
(b) a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
(c) ab2 + bc2 + ca2 = abc
(d) None of these

b
1
a

3
b
3 1 3
a
3

by cubing

3
b
3 3 1 3..1( 1) 3
a

or c2a + a2c 3abc = b3

b3 + a2c + c2a = 3abc

c c
b
b3
1 3 3
a a
a
a

Class Exercise Q3
Solve for x : x 2

1
1
2
2 ....

Solution:
x = 2

1
x

x2-2x+1=0

x 1 2 and 1 2
x 1 2

Negative,so
ignore it

Class Exercise Q4
Roots of the equation
(15 4 14 )
30 are
(a)1
(c) 12

x 2 2x

(15 4 14 )

x 2 2x

(b)1+2
(d) All of the above

Solution:
form af(x) + bf(x) = a + b where ab = 1
f(x) = 1

x22x = 1

For x22x=1

or, x22x-1 = 0

For x22x=1

or, x22x+1 = 0

or,(x1)2 = 0 x=1,1

x =1 2

Class Exercise Q5
Roots of the equation
51 + x + 51 x = 26 are
(a) 1
(b) 1
(c) 1 and 1 (d) None of these
Solution:

51 + x + 51 x = 26

5.5x + 5.5x = 26
1 26
5 x
5
5
x

1
5 a 26 where a 5 x

5a226a+5=0 (a5)(5a1)= 0
a=5 or 1/5

for a=5 5x=5 x=1

for a =1/5 5x=51 x=1

Class Exercise Q6
Find the roots of the equation
x +5 + x +21 = 6x + 40.
Solution:
x + 5 + x + 21 + 2 (x + 5)(x + 21) = 6x + 40
(x + 5)(x + 21) = 2x + 7
(x+5)(x+21)=(2x+7)2
3x +2x-56=0
2

14
does not
3
satisfy the equation
x

x2+26x+105=4x2+28x+49

14
x
and 4
3
x= 4

Class Exercise Q7
Solve for x :
1 x2 1 x 2
2

1 x 1 x
Solution:

1 x2 1 x 2
2

1 x 1 x

1 x2
1 x

2
2

1 x2

4
2
1 x

(By Componendo Devidendo)

5x =3
2

3
5

Class Exercise Q8
Solve for x:
(x+4)(x+7) (x+8)(x+11) +20=0
Note:Take two factors in pair so
that it can be easily reduced to
quadratic
15
15
{(x+11)(x+4)} {(x+7)(x+8)}+20=0
(x2+15x+44)(x2+15x+56)+20=0
y(y+12)+20=0
y2+12y+20=0

where y= x2+15x+44
y=-10 and -2

Class Exercise Q8
Solve for x:
(x+4)(x+7) (x+8)(x+11) +20=0

For y=-10
x2+15x+44=-10
x2+15x+54=0

x = 9, 6

For y=2
x2+15x+44=2
x +15x+46= 0
2

x 9, 6,

15 41
2

15 41
2

Class Exercise Q9(i)

If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
are , . Then find the equation
whose roots are
1
1
and
2
2
Solution:
A lgorithm : Put

1
y
x2

1
x+2=
y
Hence required equation is
1
a 2
x

1
b
2 c 0
x

1
x = -2
y

Class Exercise Q9(ii)

If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
are a, b. Then find the equation
1
1
and
whose roots are
p
p
Solution:
A lgorithm : Put

1
px

1
p-x=
y
Hence required equation is

1
a p

1
b p c 0

1
x =p y

Class Exercise Q10(i)

If and are the roots of the
equation ax2+bx+c=0 then find
3 3

the value of

( 2 2 )2 222

3
3
4
4

Solution:

( ) 2
2

Class Exercise Q10(i)

If and are the roots of the equation
ax2+bx+c=0 then find the value of
3 3

( ) 2
2

b 2
c

( a) 2 a

c
a

b
c
and
a
a
(b2 2ac)2 2a2c2

a3c

Class Exercise
Q10(ii)

If , are the roots of the equation

ax2+bx+c =0. Then find the value
of (a +b)-2+(a + 2)-2
We have

-1
(a+b) = c

-1
(a+b) = -

(a +b)-2+(a + 2)-2

c
2 2
( )2 2

2
c
c2
b
c
( )2 2
b2 2ac

a
a
2 2

a
c
2
c

Thank you