Quadratic Equation Session 3

Session Objective
1. Condition for common root
2. Set of solution of quadratic inequation
3. Cubic equation

Condition for Common Root

The equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 &
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has a common
root(CR)
a
a

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+b+c= 0
+ b + c = 0

bccb
caac abba

2 and
Treating
as
By ruleof
crosstwo multiplication
different variable

Condition for Common Root

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bc'cb'

ab'ba'

ca'ac '

ab'ba'
Condition for common root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 &
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is

(ca-ac)2=(bc-cb)(ab-ba)

Illustrative Problem
If x2-ax-21=0 and x2-3ax+35=0
(a>0)has a common root then
value of a is
(a)3

(b) 4

(c )2

(d) 4

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Illustrative Problem
If x2-ax-21=0 and x2-3ax+35=0
(a>0)has a common root then value of a
is
(a)3
(b)4 (c )2
(d)4

Solution: Method 1
Let be the common root
2-a -21=0

2-3a+35=0

By Cross- Multiplication

35a 63a 35 (21) 3a (a)

2

98a 56 2a

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Illustrative Problem
x2-ax-21=0

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x2-3ax+35=0

If
and
(a>0)has a common root then value of a
is
(a)3
(b) 4 (c )2
(d) 4

98a 56 2a

28
2
49 and
a
a2=16

a = 4

As a>0 a=4

28
49
a

Illustrative Problem
_H007

If x2-ax-21=0 and x2-3ax+35=0

(a>0)has a common root then value of
a is
(a)3
(b) 4 (c )2
(d) 4

Solution: Method 2
2- a - 21 = 0 .(A)
2-3a+35 = 0 ..(B)
(A) (B) 2a = 56

28

a

Substituting in (A)
2

28
28

a 21 0
a
a

As a>0 a=4

28
49
a

a = 4

Illustrative Problem
If equation x2-ax+b=0 and
x2+bx-a=0 has only one common
root then prove that a-b=1

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Solution:
By observation at x=1 both the
equation gives same value.

x2- ax + b=0 (A)

x2

+ bx - a=0 (B)

L.H.S. = a-b-1

This means x=1 is the common root

a b 1= 0

ab=1

for x=1
both the
Why?
equations give this

for x=1

Illustrative Problem
If equation x2-ax+b=0 and
x2+bx-a=0 has only one common
root then prove that a-b=1
Solution:

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Method 2

Let be the common root then

2 -a + b = 0 &
2 + b - a = 0 subtracting one
from the other we get
(b + a) - (b + a) = 0
= 1 provided b + a 0
Hence x = 1 is the common root
1 a + b = 0 or a b = 1

Why??

Condition for Two Common

Roots
The equations ax2+bx+c=0 and
ax2+bx+c = 0 have both roots
common

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ax2 + bx + c K(ax2 + bx + c)

when both the roots are

But notwhy?
necessarily identical.
common ,two equations will be
same .
As x23x+2=0 and 2x26x+4=0
For two roots to be common

a
b
c

a' b ' c '

Same equation.
But not identical
Both have roots 1,2

Illustrative Problem
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If x2+ax+(a-2) = 0 and
bx2+2x+ 6 = 0 have both roots
common then a : b is
(a) 2
(b)1/2
(c) 4
(d)1/4
Solution:
As both roots are common

1 a a2

b 2
6

a a2

2
6

3a a 2

a=-1

1 1

b 2
b 2

a 1

b 2

Quadratic Inequation
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ax2+bx+c > 0
ax2+bx+c 0
A statement of inequality
Quadratic
exist between L.H.S
and
Inequation
R.H.S
If ax2+bx+c =0 has roots ,; let <
ax2+bx+c = a(x- )(x- )
When ax2+bx+c >0

Let

a>0

(x- )(x- )>0

Quadratic Inequation
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(x- )(x- )>0
Either
(x- )>0; (x- )>0
x>

and x>

x>>
x<

Or
(x- )<0;
(x- )<0

x < and x< x<<

x>

and are
not included
for a(x- )(x- )>0 ; (a>0)
in set of
x lies outside ,
solutions

Number line

Illustrative Problem
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Find x for which 6x2-5x+1>0

holds true
Solution:

for 6 (x-1/3) (x-1/2)>0

1/3

1/2

Either x>1/2 or x<1/3

Quadratic Inequation
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ax2+bx+c = a(x- )(x- )

where < and a>0

When ax2+bx+c < 0

(x- )(x- ) < 0
Either (x- )<0; (x- )>0
x < and x>
No solution
-

Or (x- )>0; (x- )<0

x > and x<
<x<

<x<

for a(x- )(x- ) <0 ; (a>0)

x lies within ,

and are
not included
in set of
solutions

Illustrative Problem

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Find x for which 6x2-5x+1<0

holds true
Solution:

for 6 (x-1/3) (x-1/2)<0

1/3

1/2

1/3 <x< 1/2

Illustrative Problem
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Solve for x : x2 - x 6 > 0

Solution:

Step1:factorize into linear terms

(x-3) (x+2) >0

Step2 :Plot x for which x2-x6=0 on number line

-

-2

As sign of a >0

x2-x6 >0 for either x<-2 or x>3

Quadratic Inequation
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For a(x- )(x- ) 0

Here set of solution contains ,

and all values outside ,
For a(x- )(x- ) 0
x

x lies within , and also

includes , in solution set

Illustrative Problem
If x 2 8x + 10 0, then values of x are

(a) 4 6 x 4 6

(b) x 4 6 or x 4 6

(c) 8 6 x 8 6

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(d) None of these

Solution :

x2 8x + 10 0

step1: Find the roots of the corresponding equation

Roots of x2 8x + 10 = 0 are
, 4 6

Illustrative Problem
If x 2 8x + 10 0, then values of x are

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(b) x 4 6 or x 4 6
(c) 8 6 x 8 6 (d) None of these
(a) 4 6 x 4 6

x2 8x + 10 0

x 4+ 6

x4 6 0

x- 4- 6

x - 4+ 6 0

Step2: Plot on number-line

4-6

4+6

x 4 6 or x 4 6

4-6 and 4+6

are included in
the solution set

Illustrative Problem
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Solve for x : - x2 +15 x 6 > 0

Solution:

Here a=-1

Step1: Multiply the inequation

with (-1)to make a positive.

Note- Corresponding sign of inequality will also change

x2 15 x + 6 < 0

(x-7)(x-8) <0

step2: Plot on Number line

7 <x<8

Cubic Equation
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P(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d
A polynomial of degree 3

P(x)=0

ax3+bx2+cx+d=0 is a cubic equation

when a 0

Number of roots of a cubic

equation?

Cubic Equation

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Let the roots of ax3+bx2+cx+d =0

be ,,
ax3+bx2+cx+d
a(x- ) (x- ) (x- )

As ax2+bx+c has roots , can be written

as ax2+bx+c a(x- ) (x- )
a[x3-(++)x2+(++)x-()]

Cubic Equation
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ax3+bx2+cx+d
a[x3-(++)x2+
(++)x-()]
Comparing co-efficient

b
co efficient of x2
a co efficient of x3

c
co efficient of x
a co efficient of x3
d
cons tan t

a
co efficient of x3

Cubic Equation
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ax3+bx2+cx+d=0 a,b,c,dR
Maximum real root = ? 3
As degree of equation is 3
Minimum real root?

0?

Complex root occur in conjugate pair

when co-efficient are real
Maximum no of complex roots=2
Minimum no. of real root is 1

Illustrative Problem
If the roots of the equation
x3-2x+4=0 are ,, then the
value of (1+ ) (1+ ) (1+ ) is
(a) 5
(c )4

(b) 5
(d) None of these

_H015

Illustrative Problem
If the roots of the equation
x3-2x+4=0 are ,, then the value of
(1+ ) (1+ ) (1+ ) is
(a)5

(b)5

(c )4

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(d) None of these

Solution Method 1:
x3-2x+4=0 has roots ,,
a=1, b=0, c=-2, d=4

(1+ ) (1+ ) (1+ )= 1+ + +

b
c
d
1 ( ) ( )
a
a
a
=1-0-2-4 = -5

Illustrative Problem
If the roots of the equation
x3-2x+4=0 are ,, then the value of
(1+ ) (1+ ) (1+ ) is
(a) 5

(b) 5

(c )4

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(d) None of these

Method 2
Let f(x)= x3-2x+4
= (x- ) (x- )(x- )
for x=-1
f(-1)= 5 = (-1- ) (-1- )(-1- )

(-1)3 (1+ ) (1+ )(1+ ) = 5

(1+ ) (1+ )(1+ ) = -5

Class -Exercise

Class Exercise1
If the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0
and cx2 + bx + a = 0 have
one root common then
(a) a + b + c = 0
(b) a + b c = 0
(c) a b + c = 0
(d) both (a) or (c)
Solution:

By observation roots of one equation is

reciprocal to other.
So both equation will have common root if it becomes 1
or 1

Class Exercise1
If the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and
cx2 + bx + a = 0 have one root
common then
(a) a + b + c = 0
(b) a + b c = 0
(c) a b + c = 0
(d) both (a) and (c)

When 1 is common root ,a + b + c = 0.

when 1 is common root, a b + c = 0

Class Exercise2
If x2 + ax + 3 = 0 and
bx2 + 2x + 6 = 0 have both roots
common then a : b is
(a) 2
(b)1/2
(c) 4
(d)1/4
Solution:
As both roots are common

1 a 3

b 2 6
a 1
a1
2 2
a 1

b 2

1 1

b2
b 2

Class Exercise3
If x 2 10x + 22 0, then values of x
are

(a) 5 3 x 5 3

(b) x 5 3 or x 5 3

(c) 3 5 x 3 5

(d) None of these

Solution :

x2 10x + 22 0

Factorize into linear terms by using perfect

square method

x 5

Class Exercise3
If x 2 10x + 22 0, then values of x are

(a) 5 3 x 5 3

(b) x 5 3 or x 5 3

(c) 3 5 x 3 5

x 5

x 5+

(d) None of these

3 0
3 x5 3 0
2

x - 5- 3

x - 5+ 3 0

5-3 and 5-3

are included in
the solution set

Plot on number-line

5-3

5+3

x 5 3 or x 5 3

Class Exercise4
The number of integral values of
x for which (x 6) (x + 1) < 2
(x 9) holds true are
(a) Two
(c) One

(b)Three
(d) Zero

Solution:
(x 6) (x + 1) < 2 (x 9)
or,

x2 5x 6 < 2x 18

or, (x 3) (x 4) < 0

x2 7x + 12 < 0

3<x<4

So no integral values of x satisfies it.

Class Exercise5
If , , are the roots of
2x3 + 3x2 2x + 1 = 0. Then the
value of

1 1
2

is

(a) 17/4
(c )9/4

(b) 41/4
(d) None of these

Solution:

2x3 + 3x2 2x + 1 = 0

3

2

1
1
2

Now, 1 1 1
2

2 2 2 2 3

Class Exercise5
If , , are the roots of 2x3 + 3x2 2x
+ 1 = 0. Then the value of
12 12 12 is
(a) 17/4
(c )9/4

(b) 41/4
(d) None of these

2 2 2 2 3

2 2 3
2

9
3
2( 1) 2 3
2
4

41

Class Exercise6
If ax2 + bx + c = 0 &
bx2 + c x + a = 0 has a
common root and a 0 then
prove that a3+b3+c3=3abc
Solution:

a 2 b c 0
b 2 c a 0
ab c 2

;
2
ac b
2

ab c 2 bc a2 ac b2

bc a2

ac b2

(bc a2)2 = (ab c2) (ac b2)

Class Exercise6
If ax2 + bx + c = 0 & bx2 + c x + a = 0
has a common root and a 0 then prove
that a3+b3+c3=3abc

(bc a2)2 = (ab c2) (ac b2)

By expansion:
b2c2 + a4 2a2bc = a2bc ab3 ac3 + b2c2
a(a3 + b3 + c3) = 3a2bc
a(a3 + b3 + c3 3abc) = 0

either a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
As a 0
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

Class Exercise7
Find the cubic equation with real
co-efficient whose two roots are
given as 1 and (1 + i)

Solution:
Imaginary roots occur in conjugate pair; when
co-efficients are real
Roots are 1, (1 i) (1 + i)
Equation is

x 1 x 1 i x 1 i 0

or, (x 1) (x2 2x + 2) = 0
x3 3x2 + 4x 2 = 0

Class Exercise8
If ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 has
roots , and and , then find
the equation whose roots are
2, 2 and 2

Solution:
As roots are incremented by 2.
So desired equation can be found replacing x by
(x 2)
a(x 2)3 + b(x 2)2 + c(x 2) + d = 0

a(x3 6x2 12x 8) b(x 2 4x 4) c(x 2) d 0

ax3 (b 6a)x2 (c 4b 12)x (d 2c 4b 8a) 0

Class Exercise9
Find values of x for which the
inequation

(2x 1) (x 2) > (x 3) (x 4)
holds true
Solution:
(2x 1) (x 2) >(x 3) (x 4)
2x2 5x + 2 > x2 7x + 12
x2 + 2x 10 > 0

(x 1)2 ( 11)2 0

x 1 11 x 1 11 0

x 1

x 1 11

11 0

Class Exercise9
Find values of x for which the inequation
(2x 1) (x 2) > (x 3) (x 4) holds
true

x 1

x 1 11

Either x 1 11

11 0

or x 1 11

Class Exercise10
For what values of a ,
a(x-1)(x-2)>0 when 1 < x < 2

(a) a > 0
(c) a = 0

(b) a < 0
(d) a = 1

Solution:
When 1 < x < 2

(x 1) > 0,

(x 2) < 0

As a (x 1) (x 2) > 0
a<0

(x 1) (x 2) 0

Thank you