MICRO GRID

Guided by,
Prathibha S Babu

Presented by,
Anand S
U4EEE11007

12/19/2014

Contents
Introduction
Microgrid Operating Modes
Operation
The Need of Microgrid
Interconnected Microgrids Power Parks
Environmental Aspects
Conventional Grid versus Microgrid
Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid
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Conclusion

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Introduction
What is Microgrid?
It is a small-scale power supply network that is

designed to provide power for a small community.

It enables local power generation for local loads.
It comprises of various small power generating sources

that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introduction (Cont..)
It is connected to both the local generating units and

the utility grid thus preventing power outages.

Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.

Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to

municipal regions.

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Introduction (Cont..)
Microgrid Components
Distributed Generation
Loads
Immediate storage
Controller
Point of Common Coupling

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Microgrid Operating Modes

Grid Connected Mode:
Utility grid is active.
Static switch is closed
All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

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Microgrid Operating Modes(Cont..)

Island Mode:
Utility grid is not supplying power
Static switch is open.
Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.
Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead.
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Operation
The operation and management of Micro-grid in different

modes are controlled and coordinated through:Micro source controller(MC):

The main function of MC is to independently control
the Power flow and load-end voltage profile of the micro
source in response to any disturbance and load changes.
Another significant aspect of MC is its quickness in
responding to the locally monitored voltages and currents
irrespective of the data from the neighboring MCs.
Central controller(CC) :The CC executes the overall
control of Micro-grid operation and protection through the
MCs.
Its objectives are:-

o To maintain specified voltage and frequency at the load

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end .
o To ensure energy optimization for the Micro-grid.

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Interconnected Microgrids
Interconnected Microgrids Power Parks
Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many

Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called

Power Parks.
The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures

greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks.

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The Need Of Microgrid

Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads
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Environmental Aspects
Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy

sources.
Large land use impacts are avoided.
CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid

Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared

to Microgrid.
Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in

conventional grid.
Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to

as Microsources) are small and are located in close

proximity to load.
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Advantages Of Micro grid

During a utility grid disturbance, micro grid can

separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly

with little or no disruption to the loads within the
Microgrid.
In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by

reducing the load on the grid.

Significant environmental benefits made possible by
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the use of low or zero emission generators.

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Advantages (Cont..)
The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the

close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby

increasing the overall energy efficiency.
Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its

users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.

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Disadvantages
Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main

parameters that must be considered and controlled to

acceptable standards whilst the power and energy
balance is maintained.
Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks

thus requiring more space and maintenance.

Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
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Disadvantages(cont..)
Microgrid protection
Interconnection standards needs to be developed to

ensure consistency.

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Conclusion
Micro-grid, a new area in the power sector, has immense

potential to reduce the effect of blackouts, power

deficiencies and its autonomy helps to supply power
uninteruptly to the customers.
Its implementation requires restructuring of electrical
standards, market rules and govt. grants, which are not a
big issue but need some time.

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This revolution has a great effect, because still there are

some places where electricity has not been reached yet
and for them micro-grid is the only affordable, sustainable
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and reliable option.

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BJI