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Plastering

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Objectives And Requirements of Plastering.


Material for plastering.
Tools for plastering.
Method of Plastering.
Special External Finishes.
Precautions required to take before plastering
Defects in plastering.

Objectives of Plastering

1. Provide a even, smooth,durable surface


for finishing.
2. Protect the construction material such as
brick, and concrete.
3. Conceal the defective workmanship.
4. Conceal the use of defective material.
5. Specially for internal plaster- make dust
proof surface.

IMPORTANT TECHNICAL TERMS

Background :- The surface to which first coat of


plastering is applied is called background.

Dubbing out:- The filling the hollow spaces of the back


ground before applying the plaster is called dubbing out.

Finishing coat:- The final layer of the surface finish is


called finishing coat.

Hacking:- The process of making the background rough to


act as key for plastering is called hacking.

Important Technical Terms (-ctd-)

Gauging:- The mixing of various constituents of plaster


is called gauging.

Rendering coat:- The first coat of plastering is called


rendering coat.

Under coat:- The layer providing base for the


application of remaining coats is called under coat.

Floating:- The process of providing a finishing coat with


a float is called floating.

Requirements of plaster mix

1. It should provide nonabsorbent surface.


2. It should not contract in volume while
drying and setting.
3. It should adhere to the surface.
4. It should offer good resistance against
sound and fire.
5. It should give good decorative effect.

Mortars used in plastering

Mud mortar
Lime mortar
Cement mortar
Water proof mortar

Tools for Plastering

Method of plastering
Plastering: Estimation of quantity of materials (for 10 m2)

Thickness
of plaster
in mm

Mortar
Quantity
in m3

Cement Sand (1:3)

Cement Sand (1:4)

Cement Sand (1:6)

0.072

Cement
m3
0.0256

Sand
m3
0.077

Cement
m3
0.019

Sand
m3
0.077

Cement
m3
0.012

Sand
m3
0.077

10

0.12

0.0426

0.128

0.032

0.128

0.021

0.128

12

0.144

0.0513

0.154

0.038

0.154

0.025

0.154

15

0.172

0.0613

0.184

0.046

0.184

0.030

0.184

18

0.216

0.0770

0.231

0.057

0.231

0.038

0.231

20

0.224

0.0800

0.240

0.06

0.240

0.06

0.240

Special external finishes for plastered surface

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Rough cast finish


Smooth cast finish
Pebble dash finish
Depeter Finish
Sand face Finish
Scrapped Finish
Textured Finish/Stucco Finish

Rough cast plaster: Estimation of quantity of materials (for 10 m2)

Rough cast plaster with a mixture of sand and gravel or crushed stone from 4.75 mm to 10 mm nominal
sized dashed over and including the fresh plaster in two layers, under layer 12 mm cement plaster 1:4 and
top layer 10 mm cement plaster 1:3 mixed with 10 % finely grounded hydrated lime by volume of cement
Item in 10 m2

Mortar
Quantit
y in m3

Coarse Sand
Quantity in
m3

Find Sand
Quantity in
m3

Cement
In Kg

(a) 12 mm under layer 1:4

0.144

0.16

55

Aggregates of
size in between
4.75 to 10 mm in
m3

0.10
(b) 10 mm top layer 1:3

0.12

0.13

61

(a) 12 mm under layer 1:5

0.144

0.16

44
0.10

(b) 10 mm top layer 1:3

0.12

0.13

61

Various materials used in plastering


Sr. No.

Type of Material

Properties of Material

Plaster of Paris: Heating the Gypsum

1) Adheres well to any surface like


wood, brick, Cement plaster, metals
etc.
2) Provide smooth surface.
3) White in colour and hence used for
ceiling plasters.

Acoustic Plaster: Gypsum + water

Form tiny bubbles in the plaster coat


which absorb the sound waves

Barium Plaster: Barium Sulphate

Absorbs X-rays hence used in X-ray


rooms

Asbestos- Marble mortar

Provides marble like Finish

Keenes Cement: mixture of Plaster of


Paris and alum

1) White in colour, and having glass


like finish
2) Quite costly and used only for
Internal works

White Cement or Coloured cement

1) Provide good finish to the surface.


2) It gives hard and durable surface

Precautions required to take before plastering


1. Suction effect of background
2. Initial set of plaster mix
3. Shrinkage cracks
4. Mixed background
5. Thickness of plaster
6. Mortar mix
7. Number of coats
8. Sand for plaster
9. Sequence of plastering
10. Preparation of surface
11. Preparation of mix
12. Curing

Defects in Plastering

Cracking
Blowing/ Blistering of Plaster
Falling out of Plaster
Efflorescence on Plaster Surface
Popping and Crazing

Defects in Plastering
Blistering or Blowing of the plaster
This Consists of formation of one or more
swellings in small patches over the finished
plastered surfaces. This is caused due to
faulty slaking of the lime. Properly slaked
lime should be used.

Defects in Plastering
Falling out of the Plaster
in this, plaster from the same portion of the surface
comes out & results in the formation of patches. It is
called a peeling.
Causes:
1. Due to lack of adhesion
2. Excessive Moisture
3. Excessive moisture changes
4. Rapid drying of the plaster
5. Insufficient drying between each coat of plaster

Defects in Plastering
Cracking
This consists of formation of cracks, in the
plaster work.
Reasons:
1. Structural defects in the building
2. Old surface not properly prepared
3. Wet background
4. Excessive shrinkage of the thin coats
5.

Recent advances/ Latest trends


SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )
It is a material derived from special kind of
volcanic glass.
This volcanic glass is processed and
converted into well sealed tough glass
granules which is cementitious and is a good
replacement for sand in plastering.
Each granule consists of glass walled closed
cells each enclosing near vacuum.
SINICON PP
SAND + CEMENT+WATER = PLASTER

SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )

How does it work

Sinicon PP makes home behave like a thermos flask


Scientifically it is a material with millions of vacuum cells
in each granule with less thermal conductivity./
Formation of the vacuum cells is a characteristic property
of the material.
A building plastered using SINICON PP, substantially
resists the ingress of heat/cold in the structure.
If 20 mm thick Sinicon PP plastered brick wall would
effectively provide a reduction of heat equal to twin brick
wall !

SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )


Physical Properties
Not flamable. It is safe to handle like sand.
Not explosive. It is safe to handle like sand.
Not hazardous to skin. Could be cleaned with water.
Not hazardous to eyes except abrasion. Washable with
water.
Not hazardous to Ingestion however avoid ingestion. If
consumed, drink 2 x 250 ml of water to dilute.
Not Toxic.

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SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )


Material Properties
Exceptional Fire Resistance
Excellent Thermal Insulator
Light Weight
Low Water Permeability
Good Adhesion (in Plaster)
Zero Smoke and Zero Fumes
Non-Toxic Dust

Advantages
A Substitute for sand in plastering and other
applications.
1. K value ( thermal conductivity constant less)
2. Water permeability low
3. Increases durability/ life of the structure
4. Can be used over a roof
5. Can be used internal/external ( both
recommended )
6. Possible to use as a Fire proof seal
7. Both old and new buildings

How SINICON PP is used

It is a direct replacement for sand while


plastering.
Mixing in a ratio of 4.5:1 ( S: C) .
To prepare this a ratio of 1.5 bag of Sinicon
PP and 1 bag of cement + 36 litres water
Area coverage
Roof : 20 mm thk = 50 Sq. Ft
25 mm thk = 40 Sq.Ft
Wall : 12 mm thk = 75-80 Sq. ft

Pointing
1. Introduction
2. Method of pointing
3. Types of finishes to joints

Pointing
It is finishing the mortar joints in the exposed
brick or stone masonry with suitable cement or
mortar joint.
Scope of pointing
1. Where smooth or even finish not required
2. Beauty of materials to be retained

POINTING
Final treatment with cement or lime mortar made to the joints of
the masonry to provide neat appearance is termed as pointing.
The joint on the face of stone or brick masonry are roughly filled
in while the walls are being raised.

They are after wards neatly finished off to make them water tight.
The joints thus finished, give a better appearance to surface and
prevent rain water from entering the interior of the masonry.

PURPOSE
1. To prevent the moisture and the rain water
from entering the interior of masonry
through joints and to make them durable.
2. To improve the appearance of the
structure.

SUITABILITY
Pointing is preferred to plastering under following
conditions.
1. When a smooth and even surface is not
essentially required.
2. Where it is desirable to exhibit to view the
natural beauty of the materials (bricks or stones)
used in construction.
3. When the workmen ship is neat and good.

TYPES OF POINTING
The selection of particular type of pointing
depends upon the types of bricks or stone
used and the appearance required..

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)


1. Flat or flush pointing
In this pointing, the mortar is pressed tightly and the
joints are filled up and made flush with the face of the
wall.
This is the simplest type of pointing and is provided
extensively.
It is economical and durable because it requires less
labor than all other pointing.
It does not afford a lodging place for dust.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)


2. Struck pointing

In this pointing the face of the mortar joint instead of


keeping it vertical, its upper side is kept about 12 mm
inside the face of the masonry and the bottom is kept
flush with the face of the wall as shown in fig 14.2.
This pointing has a better effect of throwing rain water.
This is also known as ruled pointing.
This pointing is the best in ordinary circumstances.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)


3. Recessed pointing
In this pointing the face of the mortar joint is
pressed inside by means of a suitable tool and is
left vertical instead of being made inclined.

This pointing is provided when face work of good


textured bricks with good quality mortar is used.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)


4. V-pointing
This type of pointing is provided by forming a vshaped groove inside the mortar of the joint with a
special tool (steel or iron jointer).

This pointing is commonly recommended for


brick work in case of governmental buildings.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)


5. Weather pointing
This is similar to V-Pointing but in this case
instead of pressing a v shaped groove
inside, it is provided by forming a v shaped
projection outside the walls surface.
This pointing is generally recommended for
superior brick work.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)


6. Keyed or grooved pointing
In this case, the joints are first filled up flush, and then a
circular piece of steel or iron is pressed in and rubbed in
the middle of joints.
Grooved pointing has a big groove in the face than
keyed.
Keyed pointing gives an attractive appearance to the
structure and is generally used for superior work.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)

Types of Finishes for Pointing joints

Pointing: Estimation of quantity of materials (for 10 m2)


Item in 10 m2

Mortar
Quantity
in m3

Sand
Quantity
in m3

Brick masonry wall with Flush,


Struck, Keyed pointing

0.03

Brick masonry wall with V


groove, cut, beaded pointing

Quantity of cement
Cement
in m3

Cement in
bags

0.032

0.0107

0.31

0.046

0.049

0.016

0.47

Brick Flooring

0.02

0.022

0.0072

0.20

Brick tile work

0.046

0.0489

0.016

0.47

Stone work with Flush, Struck,


Keyed pointing

0.023

0.025

0.008

0.24

Stone masonry wall with V


groove, cut, beaded pointing

0.038

0.41

0.014

0.39

White washing

1. Preparation of white wash.


2. Preparation of Surface.
3. Application of white wash

Colour Washing
Buff Colour Wash

Multani Mitti + White


Wash

Green Colour Wash

Boiled Mango Bark


+White wash + Tootia (
Copper Sulphate)
Burnt Coconut Shells +
White Wash
Yellow earth + White
wash
Vermiclion + White Wash

Blue Colour Wash


Yellow Colour Wash

Pink Colour Wash

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