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Mummification
Process
The first mummies were just dried out in the desert. The
ancient Egyptians buried their dead in small pits in the
desert. The heat and dryness of the sand dehydrated the
bodies quickly, creating lifelike and natural 'mummies'.
.
1. Announcement of Death
2. Embalming the Body
3. Removal of Brain
4. Removal of Internal
Organs
5. Drying Out Process
6. Wrapping of the Body
7. Final Procession
Step 1
Announcement of Death
This first step was to let the
people know that someone had
died. A messenger was sent out
to the streets to announce the
death. This allowed people to
get themselves ready for
mourning period and ceremony.
Materials Used in
Mummification
1. Linen 6. Natron
2. Sawdust 7. Onion
3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud
4. Beeswax 9. Linen
Pads
5. Resin 10.
Frankincense
Step 2
Embalming the Body
The second step was taking the body to
be embalmed. The embalmers were
located in special tents or
buildings. These buildings were called
embalming workshops, and were
maintained by teams of priests.
Oftentimes during the embalming, the
priests would have to step outside to
get away from the horrible smell.
Step 3
Removal of Brain
The first part of the body to be removed was the
brain. Egyptians did not know the purpose of the
brain, so they thought it was a waste of space.
To extract the brain, a hook was inserted through
the nose. The embalmers pulled out as much as
they could, then put it in water to dissolve. Some
people think the water was then thrown out, but
others think it was taken with the mummy to the
burial chamber.
Step 4
Removal of Internal Organs
Next to be removed were the internal organs: the
liver, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines. A
small slit was made on the left side of the abdomen,
then the embalmers reached in and pulled out the
organs. Each of the organs was individually
mummified, then stored in little coffins called
canopic jars. There were four canopic jars, one for
each of the organs. These jars were protected by
the four sons of Horus.
Imset protected the liver.
He had the head of a human.
Charms, amulets, and inscribed pieces of papyrus were placed between each
layer of bandage. Egyptians believed that these charms had magical properties
that would protect the body.
The Eye of Horus, the symbol of protection, was used often. The wrapping
process would be stopped once in a while so that the priests could say prayers
and write on the linen. A final shroud was placed on the mummy to keep all the
wrappings together. Mummia was added to the shroud to "glue" it all together.
(That's where the word "mummy" comes from.)
Sometimes false eyes were inserted and make-up applied. Then a painted
portrait mask was placed over the mummy's head so that dead person's soul
(Ka) could recognize its owner. The mummy was then placed into a painted,
decorated coffin.
Journey to the
Underworld
The dead
travel on the
“Solar
Barque.”
The most important task came after death. This was called "The
Weighing of the Heart." Egyptians believed that the most powerful
part of a person was his heart. The heart was never removed from
the body - it was considered the center of the being.
Anubis Horus
Osiris
Judgment Day
The heart of the dead is weighed against the feather.
If the heart is not weighed down with sin and lighter
than the feather, the dead person can go on.
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I Ramses II
1291-1278 B. Queen Tiye, 1279-1212 B.
C. E. wife of C. E.
Amenhotep II
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s
Servants
in the Afterlife
A Tomb is
Found in
1923
Burial
Chamber
Walls made of
gilded wood and
inlaid blue
porcelain and
painted with
funerary scenes.
The Coffin of a Pharaoh
Wooden coffin, human shaped, 7 feet 4 inches long.
Third coffin made entirely of gold
A royal Egyptian mummy had been found untouched.
THE CURSE
“They who enter this sacred tomb shall swift be
visited by the wings of death.”
Lord Carnarvon
died 7 weeks
after entering the
burial chamber
giving rise to the
theory of the
"Curse" of King Tut.
1. The process of mummification was not very elaborate in the beginning. How did the
ancient Egyptians mummify bodies at first?
2)
3)
4)
5)
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7)
3. What does the ceremony called the Opening of the Mouth do for the dead body?
4. Describe the role of the heart and the feather in the ceremony called the Weighing of the
Heart.