TEACHER MARCO ANTONIO

RIVERA ARELLANO

At the beginning of any course we should

give our learners a test to find out what
they know, to know about their roots, what
they do not know. I am talking about a
diagnostic test. The information from this
assessment can give us an idea and what
to do, what and how to teach, actually we
will have a view of the learners that need
extra-help

Teachers and school want to know about learners

level and to know this we can give our student
another test; placement test, I think this option
may be in language school, but we consider very
important.
After we have finished teaching some topics,
lessons and we have to find out if our learners
have learnt and the goals have been achieved,
teachers must give the students another test;
formative assessment, even a progress test, we
mustnt forget to give learners feedback on their
strengths and problems to work in English.

 2.1
2.1.1
PASSIVE

VOICE

TENSES,
USES
GRAMMAR
EXAMPLES

STRUCTURE

 Passive

voice is used when the focus is on

the action. It is not important or not known,
however, who or what is performing the
action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact
that my bike was stolen. I do not know,
however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more
polite than active voice, as the following
example shows:

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I
do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column
of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the
following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the
passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the
passive sentence (or is dropped)

 TenseSubjectVerbObjectSimple

PresentActive:Ritawritesa letter.Passive:A
letteris writtenby Rita.Simple
PastActive:Ritawrotea letter.Passive:A
letterwas writtenby Rita.Present
PerfectActive:Ritahas writtena
letter.Passive:A letterhas been writtenby
Rita.Future IActive:Ritawill writea
letter.Passive:A letterwill be writtenby
Rita.HilfsverbenActive:Ritacan writea
letter.Passive:A lettercan be writtenby Rita.

TenseSubjectVerbObjectPresent
ProgressiveActive:Ritais writinga letter.Passive:A
letteris being writtenby Rita.Past
ProgressiveActive:Ritawas writinga letter.Passive:A
letterwas being writtenby Rita.Past
PerfectActive:Ritahad writtena letter.Passive:A
letterhad been writtenby Rita.Future IIActive:Ritawill
have writtena letter.Passive:A letterwill have been
writtenby Rita.Conditional IActive:Ritawould writea
letter.Passive:A letterwould be writtenby
Rita.Conditional IIActive:Ritawould have writtena
letter.Passive:A letterwould have been writtenby Rita.

 Passive

Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two
objects in passive voice means that one of
the two objects becomes the subject, the
other one remains an object. Which object
to transform into a subject depends on
what you want to put the focus on.
SubjectVerbObject 1Object
2Active:Ritawrotea letterto me.Passive:A
letterwas writtento meby Rita.Passive:Iwas

 Personal

and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the
object of the active sentence becomes the
subject of the passive sentence. So every
verb that needs an object (transitive verb)
can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. Houses are
built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb)
normally cannot form a personal passive
sentence (as there is no object that can

he says it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in
English as in some other languages (e.g.
German, Latin). In English, Impersonal
Passive is only possible with verbs of
perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer
than men. It is said that women live
longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible
Example:

 The

subject of the subordinate clause

(women) goes to the beginning of the
sentence; the verb of perception is put into
passive voice. The rest of the sentence is
added using an infinitive construction with
'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are
dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive is
used in English lessons if the indirect
object of an active sentence is to become

 Passive

Voice - Exercises on Form

Write passive sentences in Simple Present.
the documents / print
the window / open
the shoes / buy
the car / wash
the litter / throw away
the letter / send
the book / read / not
the songs / sing / not
the food / eat / not
the shop / close / not

 Passive

Voice - Exercises on Form

Write passive sentences in Simple Past.
the test / write
the table / set
the cat / feed
the lights / switch on
the house / build
dinner / serve
this computer / sell / not
the car / stop / not
the tables / clean / not
the children / pick up / not

Quick Exercise
Put the following sentences into passive voice.

1. Many people read this writer's articles.

.
2. Jackie milks the cows every morning.
.
3. Berg never understands the new teacher.
.
4. Everybody loves chocolate.
.
5. Kids always eat candies.
6. The American people elect the members of
Congress.

Forming Simple Future Passive

Affirmative FormObject + will + be + verb3 (past
participle)Question FormWill + object + be +
verb3 (past participle)
Something be done by someone in the future.
Active : We will take the horses to the stable.
Passive: The horses will be taken to the stable.
Active : Will the manager sign the contract
tomorrow.
Passive: Will the contract be signed by the
manager tomorrow.

 Quick

Exercise

Put the following sentences into passive

voice. (will future passive)

1. Will he pick up the kids tomorrow?

?
2. The birds will eat those cookies.
.
3. My friends will visit him tomorrow.
.
4. The coach will throw a party on the
weekend.
.

Forming Going To Future Passive

Affirmative FormObject + am / is / are + going to
+ be + verb3 (past participle)Question FormAm /
is / are + object + going to + be + verb3 (past
participle)
Something is going to be done by someone in the
future. (Planned)
Active : Is anybody going to invite me?
Passive: Am I going to be invited by anybody?
Active : I am going to pay his debts.
Passive: His debts are going to be paid by me.

Quick Exercise
Put the following sentences into passive voice.
(will future passive)

1. Are they going to feed the cats?

?
2. Who is going to pay the bill?
?
3. The teacher is going to give me a second
chance.
.
4. Disneyland is going to give us a big discount.
.
5. They are going to train me for the job.

Forming Present Progressive Passive

Affirmative FormObject + am / is / are + being + verb3Question FormAm /
is / are + Object + being + verb3 ?
Something is being done by someone at the moment.
Active : The postman is delivering the mail.
Passive: The mail is being delivered by the postman.
Active : Harry Potter is measuring the room.
Passive: The room is being measured by Harry Potter.
Active : The coach is congratulating the team at the moment.
Passive: The team is being congratulated by the coach.
Active : Are they opening the gifts now?
Passive: Are the gifts being opened by them ? (now)

At the end of the term or course we should assess the

students how well they have learnt; achievement or
summative testing.
Learners can evaluate themselves too, this is called
self-assessment or another; peer assessment. This
activity can help the students to become more
autonomous.
There are many kind of test, exams, assessment,
tasks; gap fill, multiple-choice questions, true-false
questions, ordering. Correcting mistakes, taking part in
an interview, role-playing, writing letters, documents,
compositions, making videos, singing a song.
When we assess our learners we have to include all
these topics:

 When

we assess our learners we have to

include all these topics:
Appropiacy, accuracy, fluency and
interaction, in this case is oral test.
Gap-fill-Accuracy, of language we use.

Put the following sentences into passive voice.

(present continuous passive)

1. The cat is tearing the new book.

?
2. Is the agent chasing the criminal?
?
3. We are collecting the donations at the moment.
.
4. They are washing my car now.
.
5. Mr. Barber is handing out the exam papers.
.