CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Presented by:
Buan, Annie Jean L.
Coronado, Nerinel M.
AR42FA1

WHAT IS CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH?

a quantitative method of research

have 2 or more quantitative variables from the same group of subjects

trying to determine if there is a relationship between the 2 variables

e.g.

What is the relationship between:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Height and weight?

Work and Compensation?

Cigarettes smoked per day and health costs?

How close to the front you sit in class and your grade in
class?

CHARACTERISTICS

Associations

Scatterplots &
matrics

between scores

Direction, form &

strength

Displays of scores

Partial correlation
& multiple
regression
Multiple variable

analysis

DATA COLLECTION

archival data
numerical
responses on
psychological
tests

testing
e.g. scores on a
knowledge test;
an exam or math
test, etc

surveys &
questionnaires

e.g. Kindergarten
grades

DATA ANALYSIS

use Excel program,

calculating correlations is
probably the easiest data
to analyze.

do graphs & scatter plots

PRESENTATION OF REPORTS
Use the standard style lab report.

INTRODUCTION

briefly review past research & theory in your topic question

METHOD

present a general description of the group of participants

PRESENTATION OF REPORTS
PARTICIPANTS
any materials you may have used

MATERIAL & PROCEDURE

note that your general research strategy was a correlational study, & describe
your methods of data collection

RESULTS
present your correlation statistic in both a table & in words, & note whether or not
it is significant

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGE

DISADVANTAGE

helps researchers to see the

cannot be used to demonstrate cause

relationship between two or more

and effect relationships

things.
A correlational study serves only to
enable researchers to analyze the

describe or predict behavior, not to

relationships among a large number of

explain it.

variables in a single study

provide information concerning the
degree of the relationship between the
variables being studied

SAMPLE

The quantitative correlational study identified associations

between two variables:

Contributed to inequality of compensation in the U.S.

construction industry

The goal of the proposed study was to provide a better

understanding of :

The phenomenon of Gender Based Salary

Benefit inequality among construction managers

using A no experimental correlation design.

Data Analysis

Data Analysis
Microsoft Excel was used to
analyze
the
quantitative
survey data. Quantitative data
analysis in the form of
descriptive statistical analysis
was employed that included a
measure of central tendencies
(e.g.,
frequency,
mean,
mode,median,
variance,
range,
and
standard
deviation).

The research study investigated compensation factors that may contribute to

gender-based inequities within the industry:

Base Increase
Per Year

Educational
Background
Additional
Compensation

Time Off

Tuition
Benefits
Vehicle
Allowance

Base Pay

Retirement
Benefits

The scope of the study is confined to survey responses of the 418 construction
management professionals on the subject of their compensation, including
salary and benefits, as contained in the CMAA archived survey data.

90% male
respondents

418
Construction
Management
Professionals
9.5% female
respondents.

DATA
Base salary mean scores were
higher for females as compared to
males.
Females have slightly higher
entry-level compensation than
males;
Males had a higher base increase
per year as compared to females.
Male respondents had higher
educational background than
females.
Both males and females do have
the same minimum and maximum
time off.

DATA
Due to the nature of the data,
Spearmans rho correlation was
employed.
Spearmans rho correlation analysis
revealed four significant associations
between seven variables (a) gender
and time-off variable; (b) base salary
and additional compensation;(c)
time-off and vehicle allowance; and
(d) tuition benefits and retirement
benefits. The significant associations
between
compensation
factors
related to gender-based salary
disparities in the construction
industry
represented
specific
compensation
factors
of
the
construction management industry,
and serve as the basis for continued
research.

Conclusion

The study findings substantiated

that gender-based salary and
compensation inequities may
have existed within the
construction industry. The current
study results corroborated
findings in the literature that the
construction industry has been a
predominantly male industry.