PRESENTED BY GROUP-IV

•ROHIT

•RAKESH SHETTY

•JIM MATHEW

•GURU DARSHAN

•APOORVA

•RONELLA
•DATA COLLECTION

• PRIMARY DATA

• SECONDARY DATA

•QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION

•FIELD WORK

•OBSERVATION STUDIES
 Presented by
Rohit & Rakesh
 METHOD OF PRIMARY DATA
COLLECTION
There are
data are those data which are collected fresh and fi
several
and thus methods
happen ofto Primary data
be original in character.
collection, they are
•Interview method
• Through questionnarires
• Through schedules
•other method
•Observation method

The key point here is that the data you

collect is unique to you and your
research and, until you publish, no one
Interview method
 Advantage
•There is low cost even when large and
Disadvantage
widely spread geographical area is
•The lower rate of return of duly filled in
concerned
questionnaires
•It is free from the bias of the
•interviewer
It can be used only when respondent
are educated and
•Respondent have co-operating
adequate time to
•give
The control over the
well thought outquestionnaire
answer may
lost once it sent who are not easily
•Respondents,
•approachable
This method iscanlikely slowest
also of all the
reached
methods
conveniently

Collection of data through

questionnaires
Advantage
•It can be adopted in those cases where
informants
Disadvantage are illiterate.
•Amongst
There is very little non-
the various response
methods as the
of collecting
enumerators
primary data,go personally
this method isto costly
obtainas
the information.
enumerators are generally paid persons.
•The
Thesuccess
information
of the received
methodsis depends
more reliable
as the accuracy
largely upon theof statements
training can to
imparted be the
checked by supplementary questions
enumerators.
wherever necessary. requires experience
• Skilled interviewing
and training, but there is a tendency for
statistics to neglect this extremely
important part of the data collecting
Collection of data
process.
tage
vantage of this method is that subjective bias is eliminated i
bservation is done accurately
ormation under this method relates to what is currently happ
ethod is independent of respondent

Disadvantages
•It is expensive method
•Information provided by this method is very
limited
•Sometime unforeseen factors may
interface with the observation task

Observation method
•structured •Natural •mechanical
or or
unstructured contrived

•Disguised •personal •non-

or participant
undisguised or
participant

Types of observation method

 Warrantee Distributor audit
card

Electronic
Consumer panel Use of mechanical devi
media

her methods of data collect

PRESENTED BY
JIM MATHEW
• Official publication of central
government.
• Publication of Semi-Government
Organization.
• APublication
secondaryof source is a publication
Research
reporting data which has been
Institutions.
• gathered
Publicationbyof Business
other and
authorities and for
Financial Institutions
which other are responsible
• Newspaper and Periodicals
• Report of Various Committees in
Commissions appointed by the
government.
• Publication Of International Bodies
 Unpublished Statistics

Sources
Secondary
Of Secondary
Data
 Internal Data
Save time and money if on target
Aids in determining direction for
primary dataExternal Data
collection
Less effort

Types Of Secondary
Advantages Of Secondary
data
May not be on target with the research
problem

Quality and Accuracy of data may pose a

problem

Disadvantages of
secondary Data
PRESENTED BY
GURU
DARSHAN
 Disadvantages
technique thatofinvolves Depth Interviews
oral questioning
•Skilled interviewers
of respondents, eithercapable of conducting
individually or as a
Advantages
depth
group. of Depth
interviews Interviews and difficult
are expensive
•to
Can uncover deeper insights about
find.
underlying
•The quality motives than focus groups.
and completeness of the
•results
Can attribute
dependthe
Interviewing responses
heavily
is a on thedirectly
technique thattoisthe
interviewer's
respondent,
skills.
primarily used unliketo focus
gain an groups.
understanding
••Result
The
of thedatain aobtained
free exchange
underlying of information
are difficult
reasons and to analyze
and
and there is nofor
interpret.
motivations social pressure
people’s to conform.
attitudes,
••As
The a length
result of
preferences probing,
ofor
the it is possible
interview
behavior. combined to get
with
at real
high issues
costs when
limits thethe topic is
number of complex.
depth
interviews.

Interview
Depth Interviews
 In this method opinions are solicited
from a number of other managers and staff
Disadvantages
Advantages
personnel.
• The processThe decision
can makers
take a long consist of a
time.
•
• This
group method 10can
of 5 tomay
Responses be be
lessused
experts to develop
who will
meaningful bebecause
making
long-range
the actual forecasts
respondents forecast. ofThe
product
staff demand
are not accountable personnel
due to
and sales
assist
anonymity. projections
decision for new by
makers products.
preparing,
• A panel
distributing,
• High of collecting
accuracy experts
may notmayand be used as a
summarizing
be possible.
participants
series
• (respondents).
Poorlyofdesigned
questionnaires and survey
questionnaire results.
will result in
ambiguous or false conclusions.

Delphi Method
The Resume
Practice
Research Company
Background
Poise and Confidence
Dress and Appearance
Self Talk
Behavioral Questions
Buzz Words
Important Don'ts
Questions

Conditions for a
successful interview
PRESENTED
BY
APOORVA
 Field work is the fourth step in the
marketing research process .It follows
problem definition, development of the
approach and formulation of the research
design

General fieldwork/data-collection
process is the process which involves the
selection, training, and supervision of the
field worker, the validation of fieldwork, and
the evaluation of field workers.

FIELD
 The nature of the fieldwork varies
with the mode of data collection and
the relative emphasis on the different
steps will be different for telephone,
mail, personal and electronic
interviews.

The quality of field work is high

because the fieldwork /data collection
process is streamlined and well
controlled.

NATURE OF THE
•Healthy – Fieldworkers can be strenuous and
they must the stamina required to do the job.
•Outgoing- they must be able to establish good
rapport with the respondents.
•Communicative- effective speaking and
listening skills are greatly required.
•Pleasant appearance- they should be neatly
dressed.
•Educated- they must have good reading and
writing skills.

General qualifications
fieldworkers need are
It is a motivational technique used
when asking survey questions to
induce the respondents to enlarge
on , clarify , or explain their
answers and to help the
respondents to focus on the
specific content of the interview.

PROBING
•How to make initial contact with
the respondents and secure the
interview.
•How to ask the survey
•How to probe
•How to record responses
•How to terminate the interview.

IN-HOUSE TRAINING FOR

INEXPERIENCED INTERVIEWERS
•Complete the number
The interviewer of interviews
observes according to
the following
the sampling
basic plan assigned to you.
principles
•Follow
•Have the directions
integrity and provided-
be honest- lack
thisofisuniformity
incornerstone
the procedure of can create wrong inquiry
all professional analysis. Hence
follow
•Have the directions carefully.
patience and tact-this is very
•Complete the questionnaire meticulously- Follow
important while interviewing
exactly all the rules and regulations of the
•Pay attention
questionnaire to accuracy and detail-
pattern.
never assume
•Compare your you know
sample what a respondent
execution and assigned
is thinking
quota with theor total
jumpnumber
to any conclusion.
of questionnaires you
•Keep
have the inquiry
completed- andconsider
Do not respondent’s
your assignments
responses
done confidential-
until you finished this.Do not discuss the
•Clear
studiesup with any one .never
any questions with theviolate the agency-
research
call the agency
privacy rule. to get the matter clarified if any.

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
INTERVIEWING
PRESENTED
BY
RONELLA
 •Direct observation
•By Evaluating task
performance
•Participative
observation/evaluation
•Quantitative supervision
methods
•Qualitative supervision
methods.

Supervision of
The perception of the observer
OBSERVATION
• is a technique
It is an in-depth that study
psychological involves
of an
systematically
event, selecting,
situation or watching and
of behaviour.
recording
• It’s more behaviour and characteristics of
hidden in nature
living
• beings, objects
Observation period orisphenomena.
generally of short
duration (frequency).
•Observation varies on the base of purpose
•It’s very complex in the process of analysis.

NATURE
OBSERVATIO OF
 Surveys emphasize verbal responses,
while observation studies emphasize and
allow for the systematic recording of
nonverbal behaviour.

Behavioural scientists have

recognized that nonverbal behaviour can be
a communication process by which
meanings are exchanged between
individuals.

Human
THANK YOU
for all who have
supported us for
helping us & guiding
us for preparation of
this presentation…we
thank mam for moral
support….