HEAT RELEASE RATE

CALCULATIONS

COMBUSTION THERMODYNAMICS (Assignment)

Harish.C
Gopinath.M

2013602004
2013602030

Need for Heat release analysis

It is very easy to obtain pressure data of an engine with good accuracy and resolution using
piezoelectric sensors
By doing heat release analysis, the pressure data can be used directly related to quantify the heat
released by combustion
It can be used to study about cycle to cycle comparison
It can be used to evaluate the performance of engine for various biodiesel blends

Assumptions
All the processes are Quasi Static, i.e. the properties will be same throughout the control volume at
any given instant
Suction starts at TDC and ends when piston is at BDC
Compression begins when piston is at BDC and ends at TDC
Mass of fuel injected is not considered
Expansion starts at TDC and ends at BDC

Suction and Exhaust are assumed to follow Pvg = constant

Working medium is an ideal gas

Heat release analysis

To start with, First aw of thermodynamics is applied for the closed period (from start of
compression to end of expansion stroke)
dQch = dUs + dQht + dW + Shidmi

dQchdUs dQht dW Shidmi -

Chemical energy released by combustion

Change in sensible energy of the charge
Wall heat transfer
Piston work
Mass flux term ( Fuel injection and crevice flows)

This is the equation for Gross heat release rate

Gross heat release is the total heat energy released by the combustion process

Net heat release rate

Net heat release rate = Gross heat release rate ( Heat transferred to walls + Crevice effects + Fuel
Vaporisation & heat up )
Crevice effects, Fuel vaporisation and heat up are neglected which makes
Net heat release rate = Sensible internal energy change of charge + Piston work
ie

dQ net = dUs + dW

(1)

dUs =

m Cv dt

(2)

dW =

P dV

(3)

PV =

mRT

(4)

P dV + V dP = mR dT

(5)

Differentiating (4) gives

Cont .
Substituting (2), (3) & (4) in (1) and simplifying, we get
dQ net = (/-1)P(dV/dt)+(1/-1)V(dP/dt)

(5)

Calculations
Given data
Kirloskar diesel engine 80%
4 Stroke, single cylinder
Bore X Stroke = 80mm X 110mm
Compression Ratio = 16:1

Connecting rod length = 130mm

Speed = 1500 rpm

Calculations (cont )
From the given engine geometry, instantaneous volume for cylinder is found out using formula
Rate of change of volume with respect to crank angle is also computed
From the given Pressure data, change of pressure wrt crank angle is computed
Initially when the piston is at TDC, temperature is assumed to be 400K
Using ideal gas equation, mass of residual gas is found out
Instantenious mass is found out by applying mass flow rate formula up to crank angle 194 degrees
( end of suction)
For the exhaust stroke also, mass flow rate formula is used to find mass inside the cylinder

Cont ..
Temperature for the whole cycle is found out by using ideal gas equation PV = mRT
Instantaneous area of cylinder is calculated from volume data and the engine geometry details

Instantaneous pressure change was calculated using

Instantaneous cylinder volume was calculated using

Cont ..
Gamma is a function of temperature, It is found out by

Cont.
Mass flow rate calculations

Assumed Valve diameter = 20mm

Maximum valve lift = 8mm

Heat transfer rate calculations

Net heat release rate
The datas are substituted in following equation and Qnet is found out
dQ net = (/-1)PdV+(1/-1)VdP
Wall heat transfer
dQw = h Awall (Tw T) (60/1500 X 2Pi)
Correlation used here is Eichelbergs correlation
h = 0.00767 Sp0.333 (PT)0.5
Sp= Specific speed (2 (stroke) N/60)(m/s)
Gross heat release rate
dQGross = dQ net + dQw

RESULTS
This graph shows dp/dt

This graph shows instantaneous volume

This graph shows dv/dt

This graph shows instantaneous

Curtain area calculated

This graph shows instantaneous mass

Mass flow rate

This graph shows instantaneous temperature

This graph shows the heat release comparison (Qnet,Qloss & Qgross)

Inference from graph

dp/dt

Max Volume = 610^-4 m^3

dv/dt

Min Volume = 0.410^-4 m^3

Net heat release (Qnet)

Max value = 1450 (J/rads)

Max value = 1.41

Min value = -400 (J/rads)

Gross heat release

Instantaneous Mass

Max value = 1450 (J/rads)

Max = 6.810^-4 Kg

Min value = -400 (J/rads)

Instantaneous Pressure
Max = 610^6 N/m^2

Instantaneous

Min value = 1.31

Instantaneous Volume

Max Pressure=1.5510^7 (N/m^2)

Max Volume=300 (cm^3/rad)

Heat loss
Max value = 140 (J/rads)

Instantaneous Temperature
initial temp = 400 K (assumed)

Max temp = 1650 K

Exhaust temp = 650 K

All the values are obtained from graph for Kriloskar 80% data

Reference
Fundamentals of Internal combustion engines by J.B.Haywood
engine heat release via spread sheet by C. E. Goering
Simulation of SI engines By V Ganesan

Thank you