ROLL NO :

F13 E 47
ASSIGNMENT OF CHEMISTRY
TOPIC; BASIC CONCEPT OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED TO
SIR DR. ISRAR AHMAD

*.Chemistry and electricity

*.Electro neutrality
*.Potential differences at interfaces
*.References
*.concept map
*.What you should be able to do..

Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry deal with chemical

reaction that involve electrical currents and potentials.
Some chemical reaction that proceed spontaneously can generate
electrical current ,which can be used to do useful work ,while other
chemical reaction can be forced by using electrical current.

Everyday examples of electrochemistry;

The best known everyday electrochemistry device maybe the
batteries. the simple thrown away batteries ,which you use in your
flash lights , in many digital cameras etc .are electrochemical cells.
these are produced with certain chemical in them ,which will react
with each other and produced an electrical current as soon as you
close the switch .ones the chemical in cell are all use up the cell is
thrown away and a new cell is install in the device .A more so
phisticated version off the batteries can be re used over and over
again by recharging with electricity .

According to Alessandro Volta discovery IN 1973;

The connection b/w chemistry and electricity is very old one ,going back to Alessandro Volta
discovery in 1973,that electricity could be produced by placing two moistened paper.
In 1800, Nicholson and Carlisle ,using Volta primitive battery as a source , showed that an
electric current could decompose water into oxygen and hydrogen .

This was proof that water is composed of hydrogen and

oxygen .

This was surely one of the most significant experiments in in the history of chemistry ,for it
implied that the atom of hydrogen and oxygen were associated with positive and negative
electric charge, which must be the source of bonding forces b/w them .By 1812,the Swedish
chemist Berzelius could propose that all atoms are electrified ,hydrogen and the metal being
positive , the nonmetals negative .In electrolysis, the applied voltage was thought to
overpower the attraction b/w these opposite charges ,by pulling the electrified atoms apart in
the form of ions. It would be almost exactly a hundred years later before the shared electron
pair theory of G.N LEWIS could offer significant improvement over this view of chemical
bonding .
Meanwhile the use of electricity as a means of bringing about chemical change continued
to play a central chemical change continued to play a central role in the development of
chemistry .Humphrey Davey prepared the first elemental sodium by electrolysis of a
sodium hydroxide melt

Electrochemistry

History

is the branch of chemistry thatstudies

chemical reaction which take place in a solution at the interface of
an electron conductor and an ionic conductor .thesereaction
involve electron transfer b/w the electrode and the electrolyte or
spice in solution .

Main article ;History

of electrochemistry 16th to 18th century

developments.

German physicist Otto von Guericke beside his

electrical generator while conducting an experiment.

Electrochemical reactions are invariably oxidation /reduction

reaction carried out under special circumstances. Oxidation is a
very well known reaction type. Most people will immediately
think of rust formation, the reaction of iron with oxygen from the
air to produce iron oxide ,rust. But chemist define oxidation in a
much more general way, the reaction with oxygen gas is just one
example of oxidation.
The general definition of ;;;;

Oxidation/reduction.

It is the donation of electron by one molecules or atom to an other.

Thes species that donate the electron is said to be oxidized ,and
the species receiving the electron is said to be reduced .Oxidation
and reduction always occur together ,oxidation is always
accompanied by something being reduced, and reduction is
always accompanied by something being oxidized.

There are numerous other uses of electrochemistry worth

mentioning. Electrochemistry is involved in both animal and plant
life. It is balsoinvolve in many aspects of environment protection.
Electrochemical processes can also be used to clean and restore
archaeological artifacts. Electrochemistry is widely used to
produces protective oxide coating on several metals, primarily on
aluminum .It is used in production of some often used electrical
circuit components.

Table of contents
Introduction
Voltaic Cells Galvanic Cells
Cell Potential
Balancing Red ox Reaction
Rules for assigning Oxidation states

In 1973 ,Alessandro Volta discovered that electricity could be

produced by placing different metal on the opposite sides of a wet
paper or cloth. Hes made his first battery by Ag and Zn on the
opposite sides of a moistened cloth with salt or wreak acid
solution .Therefore ,these batteries got the name voltaic cells .
Galvanic cell needs electrical current from outside for it to work.
Notice how there is a voltmeter. Galvanic cell take energy sources
from outside to make itself work.