Intro to Mobile Development

History of Mobile Hardware

PDA personal digital assistants were precursor

Apple Newton in 1992

Personal data management and productivity (contacts, address
book, etc)

Online synchronization

Limited dialup Internet connectivity

Bluetooth

Cell data services - eventually 3G

WiFi

Mobile Phones

Netbooks smaller than laptop, bigger than pda

PDAs and Phones merge - Palm Pilot, etc,

Smartphones replaced PDA - more capabilities, browser, apps

Mobile Phones

1st mobile phones Motorola Brick DynaTAC

8000x 1983
Bag phones car phones
early 90s
Camera phones late 90s
Addition of data services

Mobile Development Evolves

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

standard/browsers. Wireless Markup Language
Considered clunky and limited, but it was cross
platform

Proprietary formats emerged to better take advantage

of hardware capabilities:

Palm OS (became Garnet OS)

RIM Blackberry OS
Java Micro Edition
Symbian OS (Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Samsung)
iPhone iOS

Major players now - Blackberry, iOS, Android,

Windows 7

Challenges to development
Merging phones and pdas - couldn't keep up
with demand for services, needed a platform
that could provide these services without
allowing direct access to modifying handset
(Internet)
Difficult to emulate Internet on a handset - small
size, battery life, resolution/display type, etc
Plus data transmission was costly

Smartphone Stats
Top Smartphone Platforms - Share % of Smartphone
subscribers (Feb. 2011)

Google/Android 33%
RIM Blackberry 28.9%
Apple 25.2%
Microsft 7.7%
Palm 2.8%

Smartphone overall penetration

2008 11%
2009 17%
2010 27%

AT&T biggest smartphone carrier (38.3%), Verizon 2nd

at 26.7%
> 1 billion iPhone apps downloaded

Mobile Activities
Besides voice calls:
texting (68% of users)

social networking or blogs (24%)

taking photos (52%)

games (23%)

news and information (40%) search (21%)

shooting video (20%)
Web browsing (36%)
using apps (34%)
e-mail (30%)
weather (25%)

looking at maps (18%)

instant messaging (17%)

sports info (16%)

listening to music (16%)

Evolution
"Traditional HTML" is static content; initial browsers did not
support scripting
Browser wars" made scripting very cumbersome
Multimedia content was required for commercial content
Java was an existing (but heavy) solution from enterprise IT
Flash evolved from a more content-centric perspective
Today's browsers are runtime environments themselves
Rich and fairly robust scripting environments
More limited access to OS resources than add-ons

Mobile software developers work with distinctly different

programming environments, different tools, and different
programming languages. Porting among the platforms is often
costly and not straightforward.
Technologies for Web dev now include HTML5, CSS3, and
JavaScript

Native Languages

iOS - Objective C
Android Java, but some C, C++
Blackberry - Java
Windows Mobile - C, C++

Native Apps or Web Apps

Native

Ability to build a superior user interface

Need to access device hardware - gps, accelerometer,
camera, storage, etc. wifi, 3g, messaging, email, browser,
music player...
Leverage popular, established app store distribution
channels

Web

Ease and cost benefits of providing one interface accessible

on multiple platforms
Direct control over own distribution, no need to seek third
party approval
Ability to build a superior user interface

Android Platform

Android philosophy - more open, choice of phones,

carriers - freeware, shareware, paid apps.
Open Handset Alliance Nov 2007 - non-proprietary open
standard - Android; Google leading the way, but includes
chip marks, handset manufacturers, software devs and
service providers.

T-Mobile Gi - 1st Android Handset Oct 2008. by HTC

Free and open source

iPhone History and Development

iPhone introduced June 29, 2007

Apps sold through iTunes then App Store,
proprietary. Apps approved by Apple.
Open SDK in Feb. 2008. Free download,
simulator. Pay fee to to put in App store - Apple
Developer Connection. Set any price, developer
keeps 70% share.
In most recent quarter, iPhone accounts for
more than half of Apples revenue.

JQuery Mobile

JQuery Mobile - broad-based mobile

development platform. Uses web standards.
Runs on all major platforms.
HTML5 markup driven
Object-oriented CSS that provides a unified
visual design theme. Like JQuery UI
ThemeRoller.

JQuery Mobile Demo

Download or link to JQuery, JQuery Mobile and JQuery Mobile CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery Mobile Tutorial on Codeforest.net</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.0a1/jquery.mobile-1.0a1.min.css" />
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.4.3.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.0a1/jquery.mobile-1.0a1.min.js"></script>
</head>

JQuery Mobile, continued

<body>
<div data-role="page>
<div data-role="header">
<h1>The title</h1>

</div><!-- /header
<div data-role="content">
<p>Hello World</p>
</div><!-- /content -->

<div data-role="footer">
<h4>The Footer</h4>
</div><!-- /header -->
</div><!-- /page -->

Use data-role attribute in div

Create this file, name as index.html
Run in iPhone Simulator
http://testiphone.com/
External link - add this in content div
<p><a href="index.php">Click me to
show the first page!</a></p>

Internal link - more link anchors

use the id attribute
<div data-role="page" id="first">
</div>

<div data-role="page" id="second">

</div>

</body>

then reference in href as:

<a href="first">Back to first</a>

</html>

Change themes with data-theme

Native App Demo

iPhone Development
Download XCode and the iPhone SDK
Open XCode
File, New Project
Name it HelloWorld, find a location for it.
iPhoneOS
Application - these are project templates
Choose View-based application
Makes lots of files (like a framework)
Open Resources in the left panel
Open View Controller, double click
Opens Interface Builder
You can add things to the View from the Library
Choose a Label, Drag on to view, Change it to Hello World
Save it.
Back in XCode, click Build and Go Button