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SOLAR POWER PLANT

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS TROUGH COLLECTORS

SOLAR TROUGH COLLECTOR

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS TROUGH


COLLECTORS

All the collectors track the path of the sun on their longitudinal

axes. The mirrors concentrate the sunlight more than 80 times on a


metal absorber pipe in the line of focus. This pipe is embedded in an
evacuated glass tube to reduce heat loss.

A selective coating on the absorber tube surface lowers emission


losses. Either water or a special thermal oil, runs through the
absorber tube.

The concentrated sunlight heats it up to nearly 400 C, evaporating


water into steam that drives a turbine and an electrical generator.
After passing through the turbine, the steam condenses back into
water that is returned to the cycle .

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS TROUGH


COLLECTORS

A fossil burner can drive the water-steam cycle during periods of

bad weather or at night.

In contrast to photovoltaic systems, solar thermal power plants can


guarantee capacity. This option increases its attractiveness and the
quality of planning distribution over the grid.

Thermal storage can complement or replace the fossil burner so that


the power plant can be run with neutral carbon dioxide emissions.
In this case, heat from storage drives the cycle when there is no
direct sunlight.

Biomass or hydrogen could also be used in the parallel burner to


run the power plant without carbon dioxide emissions.

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT TOWER TYPE

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS TOWER TYPE

The solar field of a central receiver system, or power tower, is made

up of several hundred or even a thousand mirrors, called heliostats,


placed around a receiver at the top of a central tower.

A computer controls each of these two-axis tracking heliostats with


a tracking error of less than a fraction of a degree to ensure that the

reflected sunlight focuses directly on the tower receiver, where an


absorber is heated up to temperatures of about 1000 C by the
concentrated sunlight.

Air or molten salt transports the heat and a gas or steam turbine

drives an electrical generator that transforms the heat into


electricity.

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

SOLAR PANELS

SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION

Solar energy, an important form of the renewable energy, is being


used extensively in solar water heaters and solar cookers.

Solar energy is also being used on the large scale for generating
electricity by using the devices called solar photovoltaic cells or solar
cells or PV cells.

The photovoltaic cells are the devices that convert solar energy
directly to electricity without the need of any other intermediary
device.

The first solar photovoltaic cells were made in the year 1950 when
they were used in the US space satellites.

At present the photovoltaic cells are being in a wider range of


devices from calculators to spacecrafts.

SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION

The construction material used for photovoltaic cells is silicon, a


crystalline substance found easily on earth.
To construct the photovoltaic or solar cell thin wafers of silicon are
formed from its crystal.
Two wafers of opposite electrical properties are joined together with
the wires to enable the flow of electrons between them.
When the sunrays fall on the photovoltaic cells the electrons start
moving from one layer of silicon chip to the other layer in natural
manner because of the difference in properties of the two layers.
The amount of electricity produced by the single photovoltaic cell is
very small.
The single solar cells are used in the devices that require very small
amount of electricity these include calculators, small light bulbs,
watches etc.

SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION

It is the photovoltaic cells arranged in the form of arrays that find

wide range of applications in our day-to-day life.

The electricity generated from photovoltaic cells is stored in battery.

This electricity can be used in the homes and businesses for lights

and other appliances, in the street lights, billboards, emergency


lights, solar lanterns etc.

LIST OF INSTALLATIONS
Name

Technology

Capacity

Country

Solar energy
generating
systems

Parabolic
trough

354

United states

Nevada solar
one

Parabolic
trough

64

United states

PS10 solar
power tower

Solar power
tower

11

Spain

Liddell power
station

Fresnel
reflector

0.36

Australia

LIST OF INSTALLATIONS UNDER CONSTRUCTION


Name

Technology

Capacity

Country

Ansaldo1 solar power


station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Ansaldo 2 solar power


station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Ansaldo3 solar power


station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

La Risca 1 solar power


station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Solnova 1 solar power


station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Solnova 3 solar power


station

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Energia solar

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Extresol 1

Parabolic trough

50 MW

Spain

Hassi Rmel

Parabolic trough

20 MW

Algeria

PS20 solar power


station

Power Tower

20 MW

Spain

Beni mathar plant

20 MW

Morocco

Solar tress power


tower

Power Tower

17 MW

Spain

Parabolic trough

1 MW

Hawaii

Keahole solar power

Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain

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