Engineering Design

Chapter 1

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.1 Introduction
What is design?

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

What is design?

To fashion after a plan!

To design is:
To synthesize new or to arrange existing things in a
new way to satisfy a recognized need of society.

Design establishes and defines solutions to and pertinent

structures for problems not solved before, or new solutions to
problems which have previously been solved in a different
way.

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

The Four Cs of Design

Creativity

Requires creation of something that has not existed before

or
has not existed in the designers mind before.
Complexity
Requires decisions on many variables and parameters.

Choice
Requires making choices between many possible solutions
at all levels, from basic concepts to the smallest detail of

shape.

Compromise
Requires balancing multiple and sometimes conflicting
requirements.
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.2 Engineering Design Process

Why is engineering design process needed?

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Importance of the Engineering Design

Process

Decisions made in the design process cost very little in

terms of the overall product cost but have a major
effect on the cost of the product.

You cannot compensate in manufacturing for defects

introduced in the design phase.

The design process should be conducted so as to

develop quality, cost-competitive products in the
shortest time possible.

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Product Cost Commitment during Phases of

the Design Process

Adapted from D. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,20
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Types of Designs

Original Design: Innovative design

Adaptive Design

Redesign: Variant design

Selection design

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.3 Ways To Think About The

Engineering Design Process
What do we mean by designing a system?
System mean - combination of hardware, information and
people necessary to accomplish some specific task

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Simplified Iteration Model

Adapted from M. Asimow, Introduction to Design, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Design Method Versus Scientific Method

11

Adapted from P. H. Hill, The Science of Engineering Design, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New
York 1970.
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

A Problem-Solving Methodology

Definition of the problem

Gathering of information

Generation of alternative solutions

Evaluation of alternatives and decision making

Communication of the results

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

How The Design Depends On How The

Problem Is Defined

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Design Paradox Between Design Knowledge

and Design Freedom

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.4 Description of Design Process

What are the steps of Design Process?

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Design Process Phases

Phase I:
Conceptual
Design

Phase II:
Embodiment
Design

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Phase III:
Detail Design

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Phase I. Conceptual Design

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Phase II. Embodiment Design

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Phase III. Detail Design

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Engineering Design Process

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.5 Consideration Of A Good Design

What are the various considerations of a good design?

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Considerations of Good Design

1)

Achievement of Performance Requirements

2)

Life-Cycle Issues

3)

Social and Regulatory Issues

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Achievement of Performance Requirements

A major characteristic of a design is its function.

Performance Requirements:
Primary Performance Requirements
Complementary Performance Requirements

Part (Component): A single piece requiring no

assembly
Assembly: When two or more parts are joined.
Subassemblies: Smaller assemblies which compose
larger assemblies.

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Total Materials Life Cycle

Reproduced from Materials and Mans Needs, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.,
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Regulatory and Social Issues

The code of ethics of all professional engineering
societies require the engineer to protect public health and
safety.

Example of Standards and Codes:

ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
CPSC: Consumer Product Safety Commission
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
DHS: Department of Homeland Security

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.6 Computer-Aided Engineering

What are the changes that plentiful computing has produced?

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)

The advent of plentiful computing has produced a

major change in the way engineering design is
practiced.

Advantages of Computer-Aided Engineering:

Automated engineering drawing in two dimensions
Three dimensional modeling
Finite Element Modeling (FEM)
Rapid prototyping
Design optimization
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.7 Designing To Codes And

Standards
What are the codes and standards?

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Designing To Codes And Standards

A code is a collection of laws and rules that assists a

government agency in meeting its obligation to
protect the general welfare by preventing damage to
property or injury or loss of life to persons.
A standard is a generally agreed-upon set of
procedures, criteria, dimensions, materials, or parts.

Chief Aspects of Designing To Codes and

Standards:
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
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Efficiency
Safety
Interchangeability
Compatibility

Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Two Broad Forms of Codes

Performance Codes

Prescriptive Codes

Performance Codes are stated in terms of the

specific requirement that is expected to be achieved.
Prescriptive(specification) Codes state the
requirements in terms of specific details and leave
no discretion to the designer.

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.8 Design Review

What is design review?

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Design Review

A design review is a retrospective study of the design up to

that point in time.

The essence of the technical review of the design is to

compare the findings against the detailed Product Design
Specification (PDS).

The PDS is a detailed document that describes what the design must
be in terms of:

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Performance requirements
Environment in which it must operate
Product life
Quality
Reliability
Cost
Host of other design requirements
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Redesign

Two categories of redesigns:

Fixes
Updates

A fix is a design modification that is required due

to less than acceptable performance once the
product has been introduced into the
marketplace.
Updates are usually planned as part of the
products life cycle before the product is
introduced to the market.
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

An Examples of Design Update

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

1.8 Societal Considerations in

Engineering Design
What are the effects of engineering design on society?

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Societal Considerations in Engineering

Design

ABET Code of Ethics:

Engineers shall hold paramount the safety,
health, and welfare of the public in the
performance of their profession.
Some influences on the practice of engineering
design due to increased societal awareness of
technology:

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Greater influence of lawyers on engineering

decisions
More time spent in planning and predicting
Emphasis on defensive research and development
More effort expended
inEngineering
research,
and
Dieter/Schmidt,
Design development,
5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Characteristics of an Environmentally
Responsible Design

Easy to disassemble
Able to be recycled
Contains recycled materials
Uses identifiable and recyclable plastics
Reduces use of energy and natural materials in its
manufacture
Manufactured without producing hazardous waste
Avoids use of hazardous materials
Reduces product chemical emissions
Reduces product energy consumption
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies

Keys Roles of Government in Interacting

with Technology

As a stimulus to free enterprise through changes in

the tax system
By influencing interest rates and the supply of
venture capital through changes in fiscal policy to
control the growth of the economy
As a major customer for high technology, chiefly in
military, space, andS energy systems
As a funding source (patron) for research and
development
As a regulator of technology

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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.

2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies