Organic Rankine Cycle

by

Bondan Satriya Permadi Widjayanto

103328601
Departement of Mechanical Engineering
Graduate Institute Energy Engineering
National Central University

Background
* Energy Crisis
* Increased Energy Needs
* Depleting Oil Reserves
Alternative Energy

Taiwan should utilize its rich geothermal resources

Geothermal Power
Plant

Waste Energy

We Know That
Many wells that produce steam at:
Pressure < 3 bar
Temperature 120 C

WASTE HEAT

Solution

ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE

Rankine Cycle

Previous cycle of the ORC

Working Fluid
(Water)

Working Fluid
(Refrigerant)

Rankine Cycle

Rankine cycle is widely used to convert thermal energy into work. However, the traditional
Rankine cycle using water as the working fluid is adopted only for mid-and-high-temperature
thermal resources, and it is not used for low-temperature thermal resources
Rankine cycle is an ideal cycle to explain the process of steam turbine
The steam Rankine cycle is one of the most important ways to transform on large scale
thermal energy into power. Examples are nuclear and coal-fired power plants.
Operation of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is based on the same principles as that of a
steam Rankine cycle but differs from the latter in its usage of low-boiling-point organic fluids
as a working fluid, which enables power generation at low heat source temperatures
Rankine cycles using organic fluids (as categorized into three groups: wet, dry, and isentropic
fluids) as working fluids in converting low-grade energy are investigated in this study. The
main purpose is to identify suitable working fluids which may yield high system efficiencies in
an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system
A Rankine cycle using water as working fluid does not allow efficient recovery of waste heat
below 370C
Rankine cycle consists of isentropic compression process that ended with the release of heat
at constant pressure condition
Rankine cycle systems, each employing a single organic compound as the working medium,
are the most commonly used units for converting low-temperature heat into mechanical
work

ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE

ORC cycle is a simple cycle

development of rankine
cycle that consists of four
main components, among
which the evaporator,
turbine, condenser, and
pump

ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE

T-s diagram of Organic Rankine Cycle

Process 1-2: isentropic expansion process occurred on the fluid passing through the
turbines of a superheated state to the condenser pressure.
Process 2-3: The process of heat transfer from the working fluid flowing with constant
pressure (isobaric) in the condenser to the saturated liquid at state 3.
Process 3-4: isentropic compression process in which the pump from the saturated liquid
state to the liquid state of compression.
Process 4-1: The process of heat transfer to the working fluid from the evaporator to the
constant pressure (isobaric)

ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE

ORC Excellence
1. The efficiency system 15-20%
2. Environmentally friendly
3. Utilizing waste energy

Rankine Cycle Diagram

Problem Formulation About ORC

How to design an appropriate system for the

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) using
thermodynamic analysis
How to optimize the ORC with shell and tube
heat exchangers
Is there any difference effect on performance
of the ORC working fluid in a low temperature

Benefits of research

ORC technology can provide solutions for

energy-efficient refrigeration system
Can provide knowledge and overview of the
system of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Be the first step of energy saving
opportunities through the development of
ORC system that utilizes waste energy

Research in ORC

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Modification Heat Exchanger (for the use in low-temperature organic Rankine cycles)
Part load based thermo-economic optimization of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) applied to a combined
heat and power (CHP) system
Organic Rankine cycle applications
Binary geothermal power plants
Solar thermal power systems
Solar ORC-RO desalination systems
Duplex-Rankine cooling system
Ocean thermal energy conversion systems
Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) in waste heat recovery application
ORC biomass power plants
Experimental ORC
Design ORC
A study of organic working fluids on system efficiency of an ORC using low-grade energy sources
A study analyzes the system performance of some kW ORC system
Effect add some items and add temperature for ORC
Efficiencies and perfomance evaluation about ORC
Modelization test ORC
Study analyzes with variation working fluids in ORC
Optimum Design Criteria for an ORC using Low-Temperature Geothermal Heat Sources Source (with many
working fluids)
Software Delphi for developing ORC cycle with many working fluids (refrigerant) and turbin vapour

ORC Calculation
Analysis of Turbine

ORC Calculation
Analysis of Condensor

ORC Calculation
Analysis of Pump

ORC Calculation
Analysis of Evaporator

ORC Calculation
Back Work Ratio

ORC Calculation
Efficiency
Where:

Then:

Condenser Performance Calculation

If Cc < Ch, q max = Cc ( Th,i Tc,i )

If Cc > Ch, q max = Ch ( Th,i Tc,i )

Then

Finding value of the smallest value Cmin

following
OR

Then it can be seen the performance of heat transfer in condenser with NTU method

Bibliography
http://thinkgeoenergy.com/archives/8397
http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aall/20130625002
1.aspx
http://digilib.its.ac.id/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/