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Course Orientation
1. Laboratory
2. Course Syllabus
1. Online homework-Masteringphysics
2. Response Cards
Attendance/Participation:
5% of your grade will depend upon your attendance and participation in class.
You will be expected to bring your Response Card with you to class, and participate
in answering in-class questions.
(Never bring other clickers to help others. I will randomly call names and check.
Both students will lose 5% with a false clicker response)
If your card is not working, write down your name in a piece of paper and hand it in
to me after class
Laptop computers are not allowed in the class room
If you miss a class, you will be confused with new lecture materials and feel
boring and frustrated in the class
Exams:
26-Sep, Exam 1Ch. 1-4, 4:00-5:30 PM, ART 223
24-Oct, Exam 2Ch. 5-8, 4:00-5:30 PM, ART 223 (there is a
typo for the date in your printed syllabus)
21-Nov, Exam 3Ch. 9, 10, 14, 15, 4:00-5:30 PM, ART 223
comprehensive final exam, 4:00 -6:00 p.m. on Monday,
December 8, location: TBA
There will be no makeup exams.
You must show all of your work on your exam papers for
full credit.
equation
number
answer
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15%
15% 15+5%
30%
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Chap 1
Units,
Physical Quantities,
and Vectors
Standards of Quantities
Standardized systems
agreed upon by some authority, usually a
governmental body
SI Systme International
agreed to in 1960 by an international committee
main system used in this text
SI Unit
Length
meter
Mass
kilogram
Time
second
Temperature
Kelvin
Electric Current
Ampere
Quantities Used
In mechanics, three basic quantities are used
Length
Mass
Time
Length
Units
SI meter, m
Mass
Units
SI kilogram, kg
Standard Kilogram
Time
Units
seconds, s
Prefixes.
Prefixes correspond to
powers of 10
The prefixes can be
used with any base
units
They are multipliers of
the base unit
Examples:
1 mm = 10-3 m
1 mg = 10-3 g
Conversion of Units
When units are not consistent, you may need
to convert to appropriate ones
Units can be treated like algebraic quantities
that can cancel each other out
Conversion
Always include units for every quantity, you
can carry the units through the entire
calculation
Multiply original value by a ratio equal to one
Example
Uncertainty in Measurements
There is uncertainty in every measurement this
uncertainty carries over through the calculations
May be due to the apparatus, the experimenter,
and/or the number of measurements made
Need a technique to account for this uncertainty
Significant Figures
A significant figure is one that is reliably
known
Zeros may or may not be significant
Those used to position the decimal point are not
significant
To remove ambiguity, use scientific notation
1500 m is ambiguous
Use 1.5 x 103 m for 2 significant figures
Use 1.50 x 103 m for 3 significant figures
Use 1.500 x 103 m for 4 significant figures
Vector Notation
Adding Vectors
When adding vectors, their directions must be
taken into account
Units must be the same
Graphical Methods
Use scale drawings
Algebraic Methods
More convenient
Subtracting Vectors
Components of a Vector
A component is a part
It is useful to use rectangular
components
These are the projections of the
vector along the x- and y-axes
Ax and Ay are the component
vectors of A
Components of a Vector, 2
The x-component of a vector is the projection
along the x-axis:
The y-component of a vector is the projection
along the y-axis:
Then, A = AX + AY
Components of a Vector, 3
To obtain the original
vector from its
components, we can
add them as shown
graphically here:
(Remember that the
order of addition is
not important.)
Components of a Vector, 4
The previous equations are valid only if is
measured with respect to the x-axis
The components are the legs of the right triangle
whose hypotenuse is A
Unit Vectors
A unit vector is a dimensionless vector with a
magnitude of exactly 1.
Unit vectors are used to specify a direction
and have no other physical significance
and so Rx = Ax + Bx and Ry = Ay + By
6i + 9k
6i + 7j + 8k
6i + 3j + 6k
8i - 10j - 7k
Response
Counter
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4
A = 2i + 5j k
B = 4i - 2j + 7k
Find R=3A+2B?
3A=3(2i+5j-k) = 6i+15j -3k
2B=2(4i-2j+7k) = 8i -4j+14k
R=14i+11j+11k
Dot product
answer: scaler
A=Axi+Ayj+Azk
B=Bxi+Byj+Bzk
A dot B=AxBx+AyBy+AzBz
B. 14
C. 48
D. 50
E. none of these
B. 6
C. +6
D. 42
E. 42
Cross product
right hand rule
A B=|A | |B | sin
is the angle between A and B
i i=0
i j=k
j j=0
j k=i
k k=0
k i=j
j i=-k
k j=-i
i k=-j
i j k i j k i j ki j k
Next Neighbor
Left to right, +,
right to left, -
Cross product
answer still vector
=18k-32(-k)=50 k
A. +6k
B. -6k
C. 50k
D. -50k
E. none of these
B. 24i+18j
C. -24i-18j
D. 18i-24j
E. 18i-24j
Pre-calculus
1st semester calculus
2nd semester calculus
Multivariable
calculus
5. Differential
equations
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(-,+)
(+,+)
(-,-)
(+,-)
(+,+)
Vector OQ=(-3, 4)
Vector QP=OP-OQ
=(5, 3)-(-3,4)
=(8, -1)
Which region is the vector QP
located (+,-)
(-,-)
(+,+)
(-,-)
(+,-)
Example
Starting from his house, a boy walks 10 m
along a street 30 North of East, walks 20
m toward the East, and then walks 5 m
towards the North. Whats the straight
distance of the boy from his house?
Using vectors
calculate vector component
Starting from his house, a boy walks 10 m along a street 30 North of East, walks 20 m
toward the East, and then walks 5 m towards the North. Whats the straight distance of
the boy from his house?
10
5
20
by adding vectors
R=A+B+C
Starting from his house, a boy walks 10 m along a street 30 North of East, walks
20 m toward the East, and then walks 5 m towards the North. Whats the straight
distance of the boy from his house?
C
B
Subtracting vectors