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Linux Operating System

Presentation outline

Shreejana Singh
Introduction
History

Charles Chong
Technical Features

Luis E. Solis
Why use Linux?
FUD factor

Presentation outline
conti

Dina Rodriguez
Hardware Requirements

Himanshu Kathuria
Preview of the Linux Operating System
Live demonstration of the OS

History

Unix-like operating system, based on a


kernel written by Linus Benedict Torvald
Inspired by the Minix operating system
The GNU "guh-NEW project started in 1983 by
Richard Stallman at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
A UNIX-compatible software system developed
by the Free Software Foundation (FSF)

History
conti

Philosophy of GNU
To produce software that is non-proprietary
Anyone can download, modify and redistribute GNU software
The only restriction is that they cannot limit further redistribution
Given away for free.

Symbol of Linux
Linux doesn't have a formidable serious looking symbol
Rather Tux, as the penguin is lovingly called
Symbolizes the care-free attitude of the total movement

History
conti

Began work in 1991


August 25, 1991 the historic post was sent to the MINIX news group by
Linus .....
September, 1991 - Linux version 0.01 is released
October, 1992 - The first standalone Linux installed
Dec 1993 - a stable 'beta' version (0.99 patchlevel 14) was available.
March 1994 - Version 1.0 released
First ``Linux virus'' discovered - Bliss
Today, there are an estimated 5 million Linux users worldwide

Timeline
1991-2002

Platforms Linux been


Ported

In addition to the Intel 386


Linux has been ported to all of the following platforms:
Alpha Processor
MIPS
Motorola 68K (MAC, Atari, Amiga, etc.)
PowerPC (PowerMac, etc.)
SPARC
Sun3
SGI (Indy)
HP PA-RISC (HP 700)
VAX
VME
ARM (Palmtops)
Intel 8086 & 80286

Operating System

A program that controls the execution


of application programs.
And acts as an interface between the
user and the computer hardware
Linux is licenses under the General
Public Licenses (GPL)
Ensures that the source code will always
be freely available to anyone wants it.

Open Source/Free
Software

People often think of software at no cost,


has no owner, and thus no support or
warranty of continuation
In reality the 'free' in free software means
that the source code has been liberated and
anybody may copy and compile it, but that
does not exclude payment
Not Free of charge

Commercial Software

The opposite of OSS/FS is closed or


proprietary software.
Software
source code that can be viewed
But cannot be modified and redistributed
without further limitation

What is Linux

Kernel
Kernel Module
Benefits of using Module
Multitasking
Multi-User
Virtual Memory

Kernel Development

Internet OSI open system


USC Berkeley UNIX
Linux member of UNIX family
Kernel manages system hardware
Standard Kernel loads entire Kernel
and base set in RAM
Linux real-time modules

O/S as a Resource
Manager

Linux Modules

Speed and efficiency


Object file link/unlink to Kernel during
run time
Example SCSI standard device driver
Portable written in C language

Single User

Multi-Programming with
Two Programs

Multi-Programming with
Three Programs

Virtual Memory

Swaps partition on hard disk


Linux swaps pages in and out of swap
space as required
More physical than exist

Linuxs sponsors and


contributors

Sponsors

Hewlett Packard
IBM
Intel

Contributors

Caldera Inc.
Corel Corporation
Oracle
SGI
Turbolinux Inc.
Red Hat Software

Linux Corporate
Customers

Air New Zealand


Deutsche Telekom
7-Eleven
Wolfermans
Wesport River Winery
Satellite Records
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Mississippi State University
Triaton

Fear, Uncertainty, and


Doubt (FUD)

Can we trust production data to a free


software program?
Free software
Linux is a Unix clone cut down to run
on a PC
Why compromise just to save a few
bucks?
Linux is insecure

Hardware Requirements

Linux hardware requirements


Limitations
Disadvantages

Motherboard and CPU


Requirements

Does not support the Intel 286 and


earlier processors.
Supports the Intel 80386, 80486,
Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II,
Pentium III, etc.

Memory Requirements

Linux requires very little memory to run


You should have a minimum 2 MB of RAM
The more memory, the faster it will run
8 MB is enough for personal use
16 MB or more for a power users

Hard Drive Controller


Requirements

You can run a minimal system


completely from floppy.
You must have an AT-Standard (16-bit)
controller
Rule for non-SCSI controllers

Hard Drive Space


Requirements

A complete system requires 10-20MB of


memory space
A larger system requires 100-150MB
Installing Linux on a system with so little
disk space will omit useful applications
Linux as a workstation: minimum of 600 MB
Linux as a server: minimum 1.6 GB of free
disk space needed

Monitor & Video Adaptor


Requirements

Linux supports all Hercules, CGA, EGA,


VGA, IBM monochrome, and super
VGA video cards and monitors for the
default text-based interface

Other Supported Hardware

CD-ROM storage
Soundboards
Pointing Devices (Mouse, trackball)
Printers

Linux Performance

Key factors: features and performance


It runs on a wider range of hardware
platforms and run on less expensive
and powerful systems.
Linux exceeds other operating systems
in its multiprocessing capabilities and
its support of advanced TCP/IP
networking facilities

Linux Performance

Linux does not restrict the number of


clients connected at the same time
It provides more reliable data storage
than other operating systems
Linux provides advanced disk
management (RAID) which makes it
possible to automatically duplicate
stored data on several hard drives

LINUX SOFTWARE
(RedHat Distribution)
Applications:
Word Processor
Spreadsheet
PowerPoint
Scheduler
Databases

Development Software

All development software is free and


covered under the GNU public License
Linux systems come standard with C
and C++ compilers and an assembler
BASIC, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, Perl,
Python are standard
Open Source
Bugs are discovered and corrected
almost immediately

Games

Large varieties of games


Recently turned their attention to
producing slick, commercial 3-D
games
Some common games
CHESS, GO, JEZZBALL

Scientific Software

TeX and LaTeX scientific typesetting


packages
Scientific applications for astronomy,
biology, cartography, chemistry,
laboratory work, mathematics,
graphics, and visualization, available.
Often used to laboratories

System Software

Linux supports
parallel processing
RAID

Has resources for managing


all sorts of hardware issues
power management, multi-user/multigroup systems administration, backup,
and system diagnostics.

Utilities

Disk and file manipulation,


Terminal customization, compression,
archiving,
Scripting and other small but
important things that keep a home
computer running at its best.
Linux has command-line and even
graphic interfaces

COST

Microsoft Office
2000 Standard:
Microsoft
Office2000 Prof:
OpenOffice1.0:
mostly free of
cost
StarOffice 6.0:

$181.95
$299.99
$39.99
$69.99

Previewing the Linux


Operating System

Switch Desktop

Future of Linux
Constantly on the news whether computer or
business related
Difficult to install and use
Free therefore insecure (Japanese gov.)
Lack of support (IBM Red hat RHCE)

Q and A
What is an operating system?
What is the difference between open
source and commercial proprietary
software?
What is Linux?
What is a Kernel module?
What are the benefits of using modules?

Thank You

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