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Definition
Causes
Heavy rains
Earthquakes
Volcano eruptions
Floods
Grading
Terrain Cutting
Droughts
Air
Gravity
Gravity provides the energy to displace
the soil and bedrock, but other factors
contribute to an increase in stress and
decrease in strength. A stress tends to
make part of a block material slide block
material slide with respect to an adjoining
part.
Vibrations
Speed
Types
Rockfalls- large chunks of rock that tumble down a
cliff or steep slopes
Lahars- ash from a volcano mixes with water, to form
a thick river of mud
Earthflows- contain less water and flow more slowly;
move shorter distances
Slope Failure- involve one block or a series of slump
blocks
Slump- larges masses move downward and outward
due to a gravity pull
Debris Slides- consist of moving masses of mud, soil,
and rocks mixed with water
Hotspots
Anywhere with steep slopes and
weathering
High mountain ranges, sheer cliffs, and
steep sided river valleys
Where volcanoes erupt and along
coasts
Damage
Causes a billion dollars of damage each
year in the U.S.
Average of twenty-five casualties a
year in the U.S.
Effects
Bury entire villages that are at the
bottom of the mountain range
Close roads
Rapidly moving water and debris can
cause trauma
Broken gas, electric, water, and sewage
lines can break
Effects
Landslides also sweep up trees, cars,
and buildings
http://landslides.usgs.gov/
research/other/
centralamerica.php
Traffic Stops
Landslides can cause a headache for many
travelers on the road
Landslides occur on hills near roads quite
often causing bad traffic
Pictures
http://landslides.usgs.gov/
research/other/
centralamerica.php
http://web.ndmc.gov.za
/images/landslide1.jpg
Panabaj, Guatamala
On October 5, 2005, around four o'clock
a.m.
1,000 people were declared missing
and presumed dead
Fewer than 80 bodies recovered
Sarno, Italy
On May, 1998.
Killed 118 people, and more than 1,500
people made homeless
Peruvian Andes
In 1977, a debris avalanche moved
some 20 to 45 million cubic yards of earth
materials at speeds of almost 100 miles
per hour. This slide buried an entire city,
killing most of its 19,000 inhabitants.
If in Danger
Call your fire or police departments
Warn neighbors in danger
Eyewitnesses to Landslides
"It sounded like the mountain exploded, and the whole thing
crumbled." -Dario Libatan
June 7, 1994, Jorge Garcia observed the landslide area and said,
"only the roof of the school can be seen. Jorge Garcia
"It sounded like an earthquake. But it was not the earth moving. It
was the air." - Febo Carillo
"When the... landslide hit the landslide hit the hillsides of Orosi, the
town was able to stick together and recover from the natural
disaster." Amy Chan
Questions
1.What is a landslide?
2.Name 3 causes to landslides?
3.How fast can a landslide travel?
4.What should you do if you are in danger of a
landslide?
5.What are the effects of landslides?
6. What are landslide hotspots?
7. What is the average number of casualties
landslides cause each year in the U.S.?
Answers
1.Landslides are rock, earth, and/or
debris flowing or sliding down slopes due
to gravity.
Answers
4. Call your fire or police departments,
Warn neighbors in danger, Evacuate the
premises immediately
Answers
6. Anywhere with steep slopes and
weathering, High mountain ranges, sheer
cliffs, and steep sided river valleys, Where
volcanoes erupt and along coasts
7. Average of25 average a year in the
U.S.
Sources
Landslides. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2010.
http://www.ussartf.org/landslides.htm
Matthews, William H. Landslides. Encyclopedia Americana.
Deluxe Library ed. 1990. Print.
Spilsbury, Louise & Richard. Landslides and Avalanches in Action.
New York, NY: Rosen Central, 2009. Print.
Landslide (Mudslide) Saftey. Washington D.C.: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2003. Print.
http://landslides.usgs.gov/research/other/centralamerica.php
http://web.ndmc.gov.za/images/landslide1.jpg