Input and Output

Knowledge:
Understand various types of input and output syntaxes

Skill:
Develop a program to read/capture input and display output

Computer Science Department

FTSM

Input and Output

There are various functions available in C library

that can be used for input and output activities.
The two functions that will be explained here are
printf() and scanf()

printf() function is used for displaying characters

on output devices (normally video display)

scanf() function is used for reading/capturing

characters from input devices (normally
keyboard)

TK1913-C Programming

printf Function

General format for printf function:

printf( output_format ,[value_list] );

output_format tells function about the format

that should be followed when displaying output

value_list is a list of variables, constants,

expressions or combination of them, which
values are parts of the displayed output

TK1913-C Programming

printf Function
Example:
printf(TK1913 C Programming\n\n);
printf(List of Students\n);
printf(Ahmad bin Ali);

What does \n
mean?

TK1913
TK1913 C
C Programming
Programming

List of Students
_ of Students
List
Ahmad bin Ali _
_
TK1913-C Programming

printf Function

printf() function can be used to display values

of variable, constant and others

To display a value, the format of the value has

to be stated in the output_format. For example,
the position of the value when the output is

displayed
TK1913-C Programming

printf Function
Formats for displaying output values:

%s for string

%c for character

%d for integer

%f for float/double

%e for float/double (scientific notation)

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printf Function - String

Format for string: %s

Example:

Output format

Value (a string constant)

printf( %s , Display a string\n );

Similar to:
printf( Display a string\n );

Output format

Normally, it is used to display an array of characters

Example:

char name[ ] = Nadiah;

printf( %s , name );
Output
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format

Value (an array of characters)

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printf Function - String

Example:
printf( Name: %s\nStudent No: %s, Ali Bakar,
A92333);

Output format

Name: Ali Bakar

Student No: A92333_

TK1913-C Programming

printf Function - String

Example:
printf( Name: %s\nStudent No: %s, Ali Bakar,
A92333);

Name: Ali Bakar

Student No: A92333_

TK1913-C Programming

printf Function - Character

Format for character: %c

Example:
printf(%c %c %c, U, K, M);

U K M_

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printf Function - Character

Example:
printf(%c%c%c, U, K, M);

UKM_

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printf Function - Character

Example:
char1 U
char1 = U;
char2 = K;
char2 K
?
char3 = M;
char3 M
?
printf(%c %c %c, char1, char2, char3);
U K M_

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printf Function - Integer

Format for integer: %d

General format:

%[<min_field_width>.<min_digit>]d

Example:
printf(Value is:%10.6d, 56342);
6 digits

Value is:

056342

10 characters
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printf Function - Integer

Example:
printf(Value is:%10.3d, 56342);
5 digits
Value is:

56342
Min 3 digits

10 characters

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printf Function - Integer

Example:
printf(Value is:%10.4d, 56342);

Value is:56342

Min 4 characters

5 characters

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printf Function - Float

Format for float: %f

General format:

%[<min_field_width>.<decimal_places>]f

Example:
printf(Value is:%10.4f, 32.6784728);
4 digits

Value is: 32.6784

10 characters
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printf Function - Float

Example:
printf(Value is:%10f, 32.6784728);
6 digits (default)
Value is: 32.678473
10 characters

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printf Function - Float

Example:
printf(Value is:%10.5f, 32.6784);
5 digits
Value is: 32.67840
10 characters

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printf Function - Float

Example:
printf(Value is:%5f, 32.6784728);
6 digits (default)
Value is:32.678473
9 characters

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Min 5 characters

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printf Function - Float

Example:
printf(Value is:%.3f, 32.6784728);
3 digits
Value is:32.678

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printf Function - Float

Example:
#include <stdio.h>
age 21
?
void main( ) {
int age;
height 1.73
?
float height;
age = 21;
height = 1.73;
printf(Ali is %d years old and his height is %.5f meters\n,
age, height);}
Ali is 21 years old and his height is 1.73000 meters
_
TK1913-C Programming

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scanf Function

General format for scanf function:

scanf( input_format , list_of_variables );

input_format tells function about the format that should

be followed when capturing data

list_of_variables are locations in memory, in which the

captured data is kept

input_format should contain specification of each

intended input data

User needs to key-in data based on the format and

specification set by the program

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scanf Function
Example:
printf(Key-in a character and a number: );
scanf(%c%d, &char, &num);
printf(Character: %c\n, char);

char

m
?

num 103
?

printf(Number: %d\n, num);

Key-in a character and a number: m103
Character: m
_
Number:
103
_
TK1913-C Programming

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scanf Function
Example:
#include <stdio.h>

day

16
?

month 12
?
void main( ) {
int day, month, year;
?
scanf(%d %d %d, &day, &month, &year); year 2005
printf(Day: %d, Month: %d, Year: %d, day, month,
year);
}
16 12 2005
Day: 16, Month: 12, Year: 2005_
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Conclusion & Discussion

Your Project
Any problem during lab and tutorial
sessions??

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End of Lecture 5
Yes !! Thats all?
Whats next???

OPERATORS &
EXPRESSIONS on the way
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