DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION:
The Philippines being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, is highly prone to natural
disasters. We are one of the ten countries in the world most frequently battered by
natural calamities.
In 2009, the Philippines top the list when the country was visited by disastrous
storms Ondoy and Pepeng. Ondoy was shortly followed by Typhoon Pepeng. The
combined effects of the two typhoons left a trail of destruction worth P50 billion,
killed more than 1,000 people and affected 3.9 million.
The Philippines has an average of 19 tropical typhoons every year.
On December 16, 2012, Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City were heavily devastated by
Typhoon Sendong killing thousands of people, thousands missing and billions of
pesos in property damage.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Apart from natural disaster, we are also
prone to man-made disasters. Man-made
disasters are group into Technological
Accidents and Intentional Emergencies.
Technological Accidents includes transport
accidents, industrial accidents, collapse of
multi-storey buildings, conflagrations/fires,
etc.
Intentional emergencies consist of
terrorism, hostage situation, organized
mass actions, etc.

 On Sept 9, 2013, Zamboanga City crisis erupted which was an armed conflict
between the govt forces and a faction of the MNLF.
The standoff collapsed into urban warfare, and had brought parts of the city in
a standstill for several days.
The clashes has caused the displacement of more than 100,000 people, the
occupation of several barangays by the MNLF, the deaths of several civilians, the
closure of the Zamboanga International Airport and the slowdown of economic
activity in the city.
During the standoff in Zamboanga, more than 10,000 houses were burned
estimated to cost more than P200-million.
On Sept. 28, Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin, Chairman of NDRRMC declared
the crisis over and reported that 23,794 families or 118,819 people in 14 villages
affected and displced.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Correspondingly, earthquakes now frequently jolted the country. The strongest
and most devastating of which hit Luzon on July 16, 1990 affecting 259,951
families, caused the death of 1,666 and injured 3,561.
The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991 after 600 years of serenity was
probably the most environmentally shattering calamity that happen in the
country
n the average, our country is frequented by at least 19 typhoons every year.
Between 1980 and 1990, a total of 213 typhoons crossed the country affecting
over 25 million people and resulting to 5,592 deaths about 14,000 missing and
property damage of more than P45 billion.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The Mt. Pinatubo erupted on June 1991 was the second largest volcanic eruption
of the 20th century. It ejected between 15 and 30 million tons of sulfur dioxide
gas. Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere mixes with water and oxygen in the
atmosphere to become sulfuric acid, which in turn triggers ozone depletion.
The eruption plume of Mount Pinatubo's various gases and ash reached high into
the atmosphere within two hours of the eruption, attaining an altitude of 34 km
(21 miles) high and over 400 km (250 miles) wide. This eruption was the largest
disturbance of the stratosphere since the eruption of Mt. Krakatau in 1883. The
aerosol cloud spread around the earth in two weeks and covered the planet
within a year resulting in a decrease in the temperature worldwide over the next
few years.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
During that period in 1992 and 1993, the Ozone hole over Antarctica reached an
unprecedented size. The cloud over the earth reduced global temperatures. In 1992
and 1993, the average temperature of the entire planet was cooled 0.4 to 0.5C.
The eruption is believed to have influenced third coldest and third wettest summer
in the United States in 77 years during 1992.
Overall, the cooling effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption in the entire planet were
greater than those of the El Nio that was taking place at the time of the
greenhouse gas warming of the Earth.
Theses disasters bring so much destruction and human sufferings to Filipinos.
Collectively, disasters inflict great destruction to lives, limbs & properties and create
sufferings to the Philippine Society every year.
It is therefore, imperative to effectively manage disasters, so as to reduce and
minimize the destruction and suffering they caused.

 The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on

October 15, 2013, at 8:12 a.m. (PST)
in Bohol. The magnitude of the earthquake at
the epicenter was recorded at 7.2. It affected
the whole Central Visayas region, particularly
Bohol and Cebu.
According to official reports by NDRRMC, 222
were reported dead, 8 were missing, and 976
people were injured. In all, more than 73,000
structures were damaged, of which more
than 14,500 were totally destroyed.
It was the deadliest earthquake in the
Philippines in 23 years. The energy of the
quake released
was equivalent to
32 Hiroshima bombs.
A total of P2.25 billion worth of damages to
public buildings, roads, bridges, and flood
controls was reported in Bohol and Cebu. A
total of 671,103 families or more than 3.2
million people were affected by the quake.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Presently, disaster management is very much an on-going requirement to
government. It is vital today because of increasing disasters due to climate
change as a result of global warming which caused stronger typhoons, massive
floods, severe drought, volcanic eruption, stronger earthquake, etc.
At least 60% of the major disasters in the world occur in Asia.

 November 8, 2013. The most powerful tropical

typhoon Yolanda devastated the Philippines
specifically the Tacloban and many parts of
Leyte and the rest of Visayas .
Super Typhoon Yolanda was considered the
strongest storm ever known to make landfall
ever recorded in world history, according to
weather website by Dr. Jeff Masters.
Citing figures from the US-based Joint Typhoon
Warning Center (JTWC), Masters said that
Yolanda's had posted maximum sustained
winds of 195 mph (314 kph)
Meteorologist and weather journalist Eric
Holthaus noted that Yolanda went off the
charts as it approached the Philippines.

 Holthaus pointed out that the US' National

Oceanographic
and
Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) had issued a bulletin
saying that the storm's intensity could no
longer be tracked using the widely-used
Dvorak storm intensity scale, the most
commonly used satellite-based intensity
scale just wasnt designed to handle a
storm this strong," Holthaus explained.
According to PAGASA, Yolanda came ashore
at 4:40 am local time (20:40 UTC)
November 7, 2013 near Guiuan, an island of
Samar.
As of January 7, 2014 NDRRMC said the
death toll was 6,183, at least 3,424,593
families or 16,078,181 individuals were
affected and 4,095,280 people displaced.
Some 550,928 homes were totally
destroyed while at least 598,404 houses
were partially damaged. The cost of
damage was placed at about P40B.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
What is a Disaster?
"Disaster" - a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using
its own resources. Disaster impacts may
include loss of life, injury, disease and other
negative effects on human, physical, mental
and social well-being, together with damage
to property, destruction of assets, loss of
services, social and economic disruption and
environmental degradation.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
What is Disaster Management?
It refers to the range of activities
design to maintain control over disaster
and emergency situation and to provide a
framework for helping at risk persons to
avoid or recover from the impact of the
disaster.
It is a systematic observation and
analysis of disaster to improve measures
relating
to
prevention,
mitigation,
preparedness, emergency response and
recovery.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES:
1. To prevent or at least mitigate the
occurrence of disasters and calamities;
2. To save lives and limbs, prevent
needless suffering, protect property
and minimize damages during disasters
and calamities;
3. To restore normality in the affected
communities as soon as possible;
4. To enlighten, empower and mobilize
the people to participate in and
support the efforts of the NDRRMC,
NGAs, LGUs and lower DMCs in
realizing these objectives

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
THREE COMPONENTS OF DISASTER:
1. Trigger Event a natural or man-made disruption
or phenomenon such as flood,
earthquake, volcanic eruption, conflagration, etc.
2. Hazard a dangerous phenomenon, substance,

human activity or condition that may cause loss

of life, injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihood and services, social
and economic disruption, or environmental
damage.
3. Vulnerability pertains to the elements of the
socio-economic environment including persons
and their belongings that are exposed to and
liable to being victimized by the hazard resulting
to loss of life, injury, damage to buildings,
disruption of essential services, etc.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
THREE COMPONENTS OF DISASTER

Hazard

Vulnerability

Disaster

Event

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC CONCEPTS:
To accomplish the four objectives, the following
strategic concepts shall be operationalized and
applied:
1. Risk Assessment refers to the probability of
loss, harm damage and/or disruption in the socioeconomic environment to be caused by the
disaster in the community.
a. Hazard Assessment - determination of the
nature, severity and frequency of the
hazard/disaster, the area to be affected, the time
and duration of the impact. This process start
with the data collection such as existing
assessment, hazard maps, scientific data
(meteorological/seismological/volcanological/etc)
historical records, other maps. These data and
maps are then analyzed to arrive at the hazard
assessment.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC CONCEPTS:
b. Vulnerability Analysis the identification of
vulnerable conditions which are exposed to the
hazards posed by the trigger events.
b.1. Physical Vulnerability high rise buildings,
bridges, airports, hospitals, utilities (water,
electricity, telecommunication), other critical
infrastructures
b.2. Social Vulnerability Priority and special
attention should be addressed to the most
vulnerable sectors of the society which
includes children, elderly, pregnant or
lactating women, squatters area.
b.3. Economic Vulnerability measures the risk
of hazards causing losses to economic assets
and production.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
2. Disaster Prevention
The outright avoidance of adverse impacts
of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the
concept and intention to completely avoid
potential adverse impacts through action taken
in advance such as construction of dams or
embankments that eliminate flood risks, landuse regulations that do not permit any
settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic
engineering designs that ensure the survival and
function of a critical building in any likely
earthquake.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
3. Disaster Mitigation measures aimed at
minimizing the impact of a natural or man-made
disaster in terms of casualties and damages.
Example of specific disaster mitigation measures
are as follows:
a. flood control system such as dikes, dredging
/widening of river.
b. installation of airbags and seatbelts in motor
vehicles.
4. Disaster Preparedness - refers to the predisaster actions and measures being undertaken
to minimize the loss of life and property damage
and to organize and facilitate timely and effective
evacuation, rescue, relief and rehabilitation. It
also concerned with forecasting and warning,
education and training, storekeeping of supplies,
etc.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
5. Disaster Response the provision of emergency
services and public assistance during or
immediately after a disaster in order to save lives,
reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and
meet the basic subsistence needs of the people
affected. Disaster response is predominantly
focused on immediate and short-term needs and is
sometimes called "disaster relief".
6. Disaster Requirement Assessment - as soon as
the situation will allow it, a comprehensive
assessment of the disaster and the requirements
for the recovery of the affected community/area
shall be assessed. This is to validate/complete
earlier reports of damages and the recovery
scheme in the disaster preparedness plan.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
7. Recovery refers to restoration of normality in
the affected community through rehabilitation
and reconstruction. Rehabilitation refers to the
restoration of disaster victims from economic
dependency to pre-disaster status of being
independent or having a stable way of living
either physically, economically, socially or
emotionally. Reconstruction pertains to the
restoration of vital structures and facilities. As
much as possible, reconstruction should
incorporate already disaster prevention and
mitigation measures.
8. People Empowerment Against Disaster - this
is to motivationally enlighten, empower (to give
them power or authority) and mobilize the
people to participate in and support the counterdisaster measures and actions of DRRMC.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT

A. PLANNING FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
1. Planning for Disasters
2. Strengthening of local DCCs
3. Training on disaster management
4. Public information education campaign
5. Drills and exercises
6. Enhancement of communications and warning services
B. DISASTER MITIGATION
1. implementation of disaster-related laws, policies and programs
2. enforcement of safety standards
3. upgrading of important structures
C. DISASTER RESPONSE
1. networking of local and international response teams
2. monitoring of disaster occurrences and their impacts
3. provision of emergency services in coordination with LGUs and private sector

REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010
Approved: May 27, 2010
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
Sec. DND
- Chairperson
Sec. DILG
- Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness
Sec. DSWD
- Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response
Sec. DOST
- Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Dir. Gen. NEDA - Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehab & Recovery
Members:
Sec. DOH
Sec. DENR
Sec. DA
Sec. Dep ED
Sec. DOE
Sec. DOF
Sec. DTI
Sec. DOTC
Sec. DBM
Sec. DPWH
Sec. DFA
Sec. DOJ
Sec. DOLE
Sec. DOT
Ex. Sec.
Sec. OPAPP
Chairman, CHED CS, AFP
Chief, PNP
Press Secretary
Sec. Gen. PNRC
Com.
C-HUDCC
Pres. GSIS
Pres. SSS
Pres. Phil-Health Pres. ULAP
Pres. LPP
Pres. LCP
Pres. LMP
Pres. LMB
Adm. OCD.

Organization at the Local Government Level

The Provincial, City, Municipal DRRMC shall be composed of, but not limited to the ff:
Chairperson - The Local Chief Executives
Members:
The Local Planning and Development Officer
Head of the Local Social Welfare and Development Office, member;
Head of the Local Health Office
Head of the Local Agriculture Office
Head of the Gender and Development Office
Head of the Local Engineering Office
Head of the Local Veterinary Office
Head of the Local Budget Office, member;
Head/Superintendent of Schools of the Dep ED
The highest-ranking officer of the AFP assigned in the area
The Provincial Director/City/Municipal Chief of the PNP
The Provincial Director/City/ Municipal Fire Marshall of the BFP
The President of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC)
The Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC)
Four (4) accredited CSOs
One (1) private sector representative

 The mission of the NDRRMC serves as the Presidents adviser on

disaster preparedness programs, disaster operations and rehabilitation
efforts undertaken by the government and the private sector. It acts as
the top coordinator of all disaster management and the highest
allocator of resources in the Philippines. The NDRRMC was formerly
known as the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC).
The primary objective of the National Calamity and Disaster
Preparedness Plan is to ensure effective and efficient implementation
of civil protection programme through an integrated, multi-sectoral and
community based approach and strategies for the protection and
preservation of life, property and environment.

EMERGENCY SERVICE COMMITTEE

a. Communication & Warning Services provides, operates and maintain
continuous and reliable communication and adequate warning system throughout
the period of impending and/or existing disaster and calamities
b. Transportation Service provides for the movement of rescue teams &
equipment, rescued persons & evacuees; medical & health teams, casualties,
engineering & utility crews
c. Evacuation Service evacuates the populace & properties systematically
d. Rescue & Engineering Service removes victims & casualties from areas likely to
be affected or are being affected by disaster and undertake emergency repair of
damaged structures, utilities and facilities.
e. Fire Service fire control & prevention, assist rescue, recovery and rehabilitation
f. Police Service maintenance of peace and order and safeguarding of essential
facilities during emergency or disaster. Assist in the rescue, recovery and
rehabilitation
g. Relief Service aims to minimize human suffering in times of disaster and civil
emergencies
h. Public Information Service provides the civilian populace accurate information
and instructions regarding the disaster
i. Rehabilitation Service rebuild livelihood and damaged infrastructures

COMPARISON OF DISASTER OCCURENCES IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

Flood

Earth
quake

Drought

Volcanic
Eruption

Typhoon

Landslide

Tsunami

Fire

Australia

Bangladish

China

Hongkong

India

Indonesia

Philippines

Thailand

Country

Legend: S Severe, M Moderate,

L - Low

Fire Statistics
(FIRE INCIDENTS FOR THE LAST 5 YEARS NATIONWIDE)
YEAR

Nr of Fire

Fire
Damage

Civilians
Injured

Civilians
Killed

Firemen
Injured

Firemen
Killed

2008

7,726

P3.10 B

549

177

60

2009

8,271

P3.15 B

2010

10,773

P4.00 B

557

274

79

2011

8,824

P4.70 B

649

217

70

2012

8,798

P3.74 B

645

250

100

TOTAL

44,392

P19.00 B

2,402

918

309

Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is an area where a
large
number
of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
In a 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe
shape, it is associated with a nearly
continuous
series
of
oceanic
trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic
belts and/or plate movements. It has
452 volcanoes and is home to over
75% of the world's active and dormant
volcanoes. It is sometimes called
the seismic belt. About 90% of the
world's earthquakes and 81% of the
world's largest earthquakes occur
along the Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire
is a direct result of plate tectonics and
the
movement
and
collisions
of lithospheric plates.[6]

03 DECEMBER 1998
27 persons killed
(22 children & 5 adults)
P 10M in damages

ORORAMA FIRE

OZONE DISCO FIRE

March 18, 1996, 162 dead, 95 injured

35

25 February 2004
PNP Armory/ Logistics Support Services Bldg
Three (3) persons injured

WORLD TRADE CENTER

11 Sept
2001 (4,000 people died including 300
firefighters & policemen)

MANOR HOTEL FIRE

18 AUGUST 2001
75 persons killed
119 persons injured
P 12M in damages

38

GRANEX FIRE, ILIGAN CITY, MAY 20-25, 2013

Philippines worst flooding 8/7/2012

Phils floods july 30 2012

Typhoon Saola

east of Manila shows the extent of the

floods' damage on Aug. 8, 2012

Thousands killed by Typhoon SendongCagayan De Oro & Iligan City

Jan. 6, 2012, a landslide occurred at the small-scale mining community of

Pantukan, Compostela Valley in southern Philippines killing at least 22 people

Manila, The Philippines A 7.6

magnitude earthquake struck
off the coast of The Philippines

a 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck

the Philippines

July 16 1990 Earthquake wreaks

havoc in the Philippines

MASSIVE FLOODING BY TYPHOON ONDOY

Tsunami

Tsunami

Tsunami

Tsunami

Storm Surge

Storm Surge

Storm Surge

Storm Surge

Storm Surge

Earthquake

Earthquake

Volcanic Eruption

Volcanic Eruption

RESCUE OPERATIONS
Rescue - comprises responsive operations that usually
involve the saving of life, or prevention
of injury during an incident or dangerous situation.
Tools used might include search and rescue
dogs, mounted search and rescue horses, helicopters,
and other hydraulic cutting and spreading tools used
to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles. Rescue
operations are sometimes supported by special
vehicles such as fire department's or EMS heavy
rescue vehicle.

RESCUE OPERATIONS
Rescue operations require a high degree
of training and are performed by rescue teams ,
either independent or part of larger
organizations such as fire, police, military, first
aid, or ambulance services.

Air-sea rescue
Cave rescue
Combat search and rescue
Confined space rescue
Swiftwater rescue
Surface water rescue
Mine rescue
Rope rescue
Search and rescue
Urban search and rescue
Vehicle extrication
Wilderness

RESCUE OPERATIONS
Types of rescue:

Mountain rescue - relates to search and

rescue operations specifically in rugged and
mountainous terrain.
Urban search and rescue - the location and
rescue of persons from collapsed buildings
or other urban and industrial entrapments.
Due to the specialized nature of the work,
most teams are multi-disciplinary and
include personnel from police, fire and
emergency medical services. Unlike
traditional ground search and rescue
workers, these responders also have basic
training in structural collapse and the
dangers associated with live electrical wires,
broken natural gas lines and other hazards.

RESCUE OPERATIONS

Urban search and rescue also involves in the

extrication and initial medical stabilization of victims
trapped in confined spaces due to natural disasters,
structural collapse, transportation accidents, mines
and collapsed trenches. Structural collapse incidents
can comprise unstable or collapsed structures in an
unsafe position. Usually collapse incidents leave voids
inside the debris that can result in numerous
casualties trapped under large amounts of very heavy
and often unstable debris.
Urban search-and-rescue is considered a multihazard discipline, as it may be needed for a variety of
hazards including earthquakes, storms, floods, dam
failures, technological accidents, terrorist activities,
and hazardous materials releases.

Ground search and rescue - the search for persons

who are lost or in distress on land or inland
waterways.

Combat search and rescue - is search and rescue

operations that are carried out during war that are
within or near combat zones.

Air-sea rescue - refers to air craft and surface vessels

to search for and recover survivors of aircraft
downed at sea as well as sailors and passengers of
sea vessels in distress.

RESCUE OPERATIONS
What are some of the major rescue
equipment?
hydraulic powered equipment:
Spreaders, Shears, Combination
spreader / shears, Extension rams,
Hydraulic jacks.
pneumatic (air) powered tools - Air
chisels, Pneumatic nail guns, Air
compressors, Air Lifting Equipment
power saws
Search Cameras
Vertical and Steep Rescue Equipment
Confined Space Communications
Ventilation equipment

LESSONS LEARNED IN EVERY DISASTERS

Super Typhoon Yolanda:

PAGASA warning
Communication
Food
Hospital
Evacuation
Storm surge
Mass casualties
Airport
Seaport
Distribution of rice

Typhoon Sendong:

Rain monitor
Riverside inhabitants
Mass casualties
Evacuation