FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - I

Activity :-- Powerpoint Presentation

Topic :-- Physical Features of India
Subject :-- Social Science(S.Sc)
School :-- Shri Ramakrishna Harikrishna
Academy

Submitted to :-- Dinesh Sharma Sir

From,
Name :-- Aman Patel

Contents

The Himalayan Mountains

The Northern Plains
The Peninsular Plateau
The Indian Desert
The Coastal Plains
The Island
Maps

NOTE:-- WHOLE CONTENTS ARE HYPERLINKS SO THAT YOU CAN SEE TOPIC DIRECTLY.

The Himalayan Mountains

Name

The Himalayas

Known as

Himalaya

Location

Northern India

Boundary

Northern Borders India

Length/Width 2,400 km / 400 km

State

North/East/West India

Peaks
Rivers

K2,Kanchenjuga, Mizo
hills, etc.
Ganga, Brahmaputra,
Yamuna, Kosi, etc..

Introduction
The highest mountain range in the world, the Himalayan
range is far-reaching, spanning thousands of miles, and holds
within it an exceptionally diverse ecology. Coniferous and
subtropical forests, wetlands, and montane grasslands are as
much a part of this world as the inhospitable, frozen
mountaintops that tower above.

The word Himalaya is Sanskrit for abode of snow fitting for

a stretch of land that houses the worlds largest non-polar ice
masses.

Ranges of Himalayas
There are three parallel ranges in its longitudinal
extent. They are : Inner or Great Himalaya (Himadri)
Himachal or Lesser Himalaya
Outer Himalaya (Shiwaliks)

Origin of Himalayas
The formation of the Himalayas is the result of a
collision of India with Asia along the convergent
boundary. There were powerful earth movement
between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian
Plate that resulted in the creation of the Himalayan
range. The earth movements raised the deposits,
which were laid down in the shallow Tethys Sea,
which is on the present location of the mountains.
Collision beneath the earth's surface leads to the
rising of the Himalayas by about 5 mm per year. The
heat generated beneath the earth's surface results in
this action of collision.

Location
The Himalaya is the world's largest mountain range. Its peak is of
8,000 meters, which is approximately 26, 000 feet. There are 14
such peaks of Himalayas and hundreds of summits, which are
around 23,000 feet high. The mountain range stretches 1,700 miles
across an area between Assam and Kashmir. The east is guarded
Namche Barwa while the west is guarded by the splendid Nanga
Parbat. The Himalayas are mainly young folded mountains. It
extends from west to east for about 2,500 km in a curve from the
Pamit Knot in the northwest to the valley of the Brahmaputra River
in the east. The width of the Himalayas is of 100 - 400 km. The
Himalayas range covers an area of 612,021 sq. km. The Himalayas
passes through five nations: India, Pakistan, China, etc

Flora
They range from tropical deciduous forests in
the foothills, to temperate forests in the
middle altitudes. Higher coniferous, subalpine and alpine forests spring up. These give
way to alpine grasslands and high altitude
meadows. They are followed by scrublands
lead up to the permanent snowline.
Forests were cut down for firewood and to
feed the growing number of forest-based
industries.

Fauna
Animals have special features like thick coat for
providing warmth and tough hooves to run up and
down the rocky slopes. In the Outer Himalayan
region the forested lower slopes is the home for
animals like rhinoceroses, bison, and Elephants.
While in the foothills animals like red panda, brown
bear, snow leopard, black bear, and languor monkey
are found. Tibetan yak are another animal, which is
found in areas above 10,000 ft. The Himalayas is
also the home for rare species like Kashmir stag,
musk deer, and rhinoceros and beautiful butterflies.

Greater Himalayas or Himadri

Himadri, the great Himalayan zone forms the
northern boundary of the region stretching in North
West South East direction, the average width of the
Himadri is about 50 kms. The average altitude of
the zone varies from 4,800mts. to 6,000 mts. The
important peaks of this region are Nanda Devi,
Kamet, Kedarnath, etc ... Almost all these peaks are
glacier-garlanded and are separated by transverse
gorges of the Alaknanda, the Bhagirathi and the
Dhauli Ganga. The important glaciers of the Himadri
are: Gangotri, Chaturangi, Bhagirathi, etc.

Himachal or Lesser Himalayas

The central zone of the Himalaya located
between the Himadri and the Shivaliks in the
north and south respectively, is known as the
Himachal. With an approximate width of 75
kms, the Himachal is a massive mountainous
tract, separated in the south by the main
boundary fault. The whole zone is mainly
composed of metamorphic rocks. The average
height of the ranges in this zone varies from
1,500 mts. to 2,700 mts. and of the valley
bottoms between 500 mts. and 1,200 mts.

Himachal or Lesser Himalayas-2

The rivers cut through barriers to
drain out lakes, such as the ones in
the vicinity of Baijnath in the Garur
valley, Agastmuni (Mandakini valley)
and around the basins of the Bhim Tal
and the Naukuchiya Tal in Nainital
District.

Shiwaliks
A long chain of narrow and low hills, from 300 mts.
to 600 mts. in elevation, lie almost parallel to the
main ranges of the Himanchal.
The hill slopes are steeper on the southern side
while on the northern side the slope is gentler and
merged to flat floored structural valleys called
'duns'. The important duns are Dehra, Kohtri,
Chaukham, Patti and Kota. The dun of Dehra
(Dehradun) is the biggest with a length of 35 kms.
And width of 25 kms.

Rivers and Mountains

Rivers

Ganga
Yamuna
Satluj
Brahmaputra
Ravi
Kosi
Chambal
Jhelum
Indus

Mountains

K2
Kanchenjunga
Nanga Parbat
Naga Hills
Mizo Hills
Manipur Hills
Nanda Devi
Kamet
Namcha Barwa

Duns

The longitudinal valley lying between the

lesser himalayas and the Shiwaliks are known
as Duns.
Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are
some of the well known Duns.

Photo Gallery - 1

Photo Gallery 2

Photo Gallery - 3

Thought
In these hills, Nature's hospitality eclipses all
men can ever do. The enchanting beauties of
the himalayas, their bracing climate and the
soothing green that envelope you leaves
nothing more to be desired. I wonder
whether the scenery of these hills and the
climate are to be surpassed, if qualified, by
any of the beauty spots of the world.
-- Mahatma Gandhi

The Northern Plains

Name

The Northern Plains

Known as

Ganga Brahmaputra
Plain

Location

Northern India

Features

Most fertile part of

India

Area

7 lakh sq. km

States

Rajastan,Punjab,Delhi,
U.P.,Bihar, etc..

Introduction
The Northern Plains Occupy the greater part of the northern india . It
is also known as GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA plains. It extends from the
satluj river in the west to the Brahmaputra river in the east, from
about 24,00 km. And The Northern plains extend between the The
Great Himalayas in the North And The Great Peninsular Plateau in
the South. The width of northern plains decreases towards the east.
The northern plains of the India are made up of fine slit brought by
the rivers coming from the Himalaya mountains in the north and the
central highlands in the south. This fertile slit is called Allumium. The
thickness of the alluvium deposited by the rivers varies from place to
place.It is densly populated area.

Northen Plains are divided into

three they are:-The Rajasthan Plains OR The Great Indian Desert
The Ganga Basin
The Brahmaputra Valley OR The Assam Plains
On the bases of difference in relief. It is divided
into four section:-i) Bhabar
iii)Bhangar
ii) Terai
iv)Khadar

Origin of Northern Plain

The Northern Plains has been formed by the

interplay of the three major rivers systems , namelyThe Indus , The Ganga , The Brahmaputra along with
their tributaries. The deposition of alluvium in a vast
basins lying at the foothills of the himalaya over
million of years formed this fertile plain. Numorous
large cities have been evolved on the banks of the
rivers. The northern plains stretch between the
Himalayas and the Peninsular Plateau.

Location of Northern Plain

Northern Plains is located towards the northern
India as below picture given . And the Northern
Plains is between the The Himalayas And The
Peninsular Plateau.
Area Type:
Location Type:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Latitude (DMS):
Longitude (DMS):

Hypsographic
Plain(s)
27
80
27 0' 0 N
80 0' 0 E

Importance of Northern Plains

North India consists of Fifteen to Sixteen of Indian

states: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttaranchal, Punjab, Haryana and Delhi, Rajasthan..
This soil is very soft and fertile. Major crops such as
wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, oil seeds and jute are
grown here. This plain is the 'food bowl of India.
Therefore wells, tube-wells and canals can be dug for
irrigation. Due to proper irrigation it is the largest
producer of food grains in India.

Importance of Northern Plains-2

This is one of the most thickly populated plain of
the world. The most thickly populated States of
India Uttar Pradesh and Bihar lie in this plain.
The land being even, the transportation and
communication is easy. This plain has a network of
railways and roads. Some important industries like
iron, steel, jute, cement, sugar and textile are
spread evenly over the whole region.

Structure of Agriculture

Farming on The Northern Plain primarily consists

of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Other crops
include maize, sugarcane, and cotton ..
The main source is of rainfall and the southwest
monsoon which is normally sufficient for general
agriculture. The many rivers flowing out of the
Himalayas provide water for major irrigation works.

Climate In Northern Plains

The Summer months of May and June are very hot
in the plains. Hot winds called loo blow during the
day. Rivers, lakes and ponds dry up and many places
are hit by severe drought.
In the Northern Plains, July and August are wet and
humid months. In certain areas, heavy rains cause
the rivers to overflow and floods occur.
The Northern Plains experience a cold wave in the
months of December, January and February. Cold
winds blow from the north.

Life Style of people in Northern

Plains
Agriculture is the main occupation of people living
in villages. They grow different crops depending on
which part of the country they belong to. There are
many industries, factories and handicrafts.
belonging to each state that provide people with
livelihood. Kutcha houses are found in the villages
and pucca houses in towns and cities. In Assam,
people build wooden houses on stilts because of
frequent floods.

Cloths The People Wear In

Northern plains
Women in the Northern Plains wear sarees, salwarkameez, churidar-kurta and lehnga-kurta. Men
wear kurta-pyjama, lungi-kurta, dhoti-kurta or
trousers with shirt.
In Assam, women wear traditional long skirts
called mekhala with ariha and a shawl
called chadar.

Flora

Haryana has a forest covered land of about 3.5 per

cent of the total area of India. A thorny dry deciduous
forest Like.. pine and thorny shrubs can be found all
over the state. Chief trees are Babul , Khair , Neem ,
Mango , Java Plum , Imli , Banyan , Sagwan or Teak,
Ber or Indian Jujube , Mitha Jal or Pillu, Semul, Khejri
, Amla, Dhak , mulberry, eucalyptus, Guava, pine and
poplar trees in haryana forest.

Fauna
Mammals
Colorful Birds
Snakes

Lizards
Frogs
Fishes

Leopard
Jungle Cat
King Fisher
Purple Sunbird
Krait
Phoosra
Kirla
Sanda
Indian bull frog
Indian cricket frog
Chunni
Bata

Wildlife parks and reserves

Corbett National Park
Dachigam National Park
Great Himalayan National Park
Desert National Park
Kanha National Park
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Dudhwa National Park
Ranthambhore National Park
Kalesar National Park

Holy Places Of Northern Plains

The largest Hindu temple in India, Akshardham Temple.
The largest mosque, Jama Masjid are both located in this region.

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The Peninsular Plateau

Name

The Peninsular Plateau

Known as

The Great Country

Location

Central and Southern

India

Features

Rich in Minerals

Height

600 to 900 m

Ghats

Eastern and Western

Ghats

Introduction
The Peninsular Plateau are located towards the
south of the northern plains. It is formed due to
the breaking and drifting of Gondwana land.
It is roughly triangular in shape.
It is the oldest structure of Indian Subcontinent.
The peninsular plateau is the tableland composed
of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic
rocks.

The plateau are broadly divided

into two : The Deccan Plateau
The Central Highlands

The Deccan Plateau

The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India,
making up the majority of the southern part of the
country. It rises a hundred meters high in the north,
rising further to more than a kilometer high in the
south, forming a raised triangle nested within the
familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian
subcontinent's coastline.
The name Deccan is an anglicised form of
the Prakrit word dakkhin, itself derived from the
Sanskrit word dkia, meaning "south".

People of The Deccan Plateau

Bhil and Gond people live in the hills along the
northern and northeastern edges of the plateau,
and speak various languages that belong to both
the Indo-European and Dravidian families of
languages. Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the
main language of the north-western portion of the
Deccan plateau in the state of Maharashtra. Tamil is
the main language of Tamil Nadu to the south of
the plateau, and Malayalam that of the hills and
coast to the south-west, in the state of Kerala. The
city of Hyderabad is an important centre of Urdu.

The Central Highlands

The Central Highlands in India are composed of
three main plateaus, namely the Malwa plateau,
Deccan Plateau and Chota Nagpur Plateau. The
Malwa Plateau in the west, Deccan Plateau in the
south and Chota Nagpur Plateau in the east are the
most important regions of Indian subcontinent and
the central highlands in India. Malwa Plateau is
located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
The average altitude of the Malwa plateau is 500
mts. The Chambal River and its tributaries drain
most of the region,upper reaches of the Mahi River
drain the western part.

Western Ghats
The Western Ghats also known as the Sahyadri
Mountains, is a mountain range along the western
side of India. It runs north to south along the
western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates
the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along
Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the
Deccan Plateau. The range starts near the border
of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the River
Tapti, and runs approx 1600 km through the states
of Maharashtra , Goa , Karnataka , Tamil
Nadu and Kerala ending at Kanyakumari, at the
southern tip of India.

Western Ghats - 2
These hills cover 1,60,000 km and form the
catchment area for a complex of river systems that
drain almost 40% of India. The average elevation is
around 1,200 meters (3,900 ft). The area is one of
the worlds ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots" and
has over 5000 species of flowering plants, 139
mammal species, 508 bird species and 179
amphibian species. At least 325
globally threatened species occur in the Western
Ghats.

Western Ghats - Climate

Climate in the Western Ghats varies with altitudinal
gradation and distance from the equator. The
climate is humid and tropical in the lower reaches
tempered by the proximity to the sea. Elevations
of 1,500 m (4,921 ft) and above in the north
and 2,000 m (6,562 ft) and above in the south have
a more temperate climate. Average annual
temperature here are around 15 C (60 F). In some
parts frost is common, and temperatures touch the
freezing point during the winter months. Mean
temperature range from 20 C (68 F) in the south
to 24 C (75 F) in the north.

Eastern Ghats
The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of
mountains along Indian eastern coast. The Eastern
Ghats run from West Bengal state in the north,
through Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to Tami Nadu in
the south passing some parts of Karnataka. They are
eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of
southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna,
and Kaveri. The mountain ranges run parallel to
the Bay of Bengal. The Deccan Plateau lies to the
west of the range, between the Eastern Ghats
and Western Ghats

The Chotanagpur Plateau

The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern
India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well
as adjacent parts of Orissa, West
Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangetic
plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and
the basin of theMahanadi River lies to the south.
The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau is
approximately 65,000 square kilometers (25,000
sq mi).

Climate of Chota nagpur Plateau

The Chota Nagpur Plateau has an attractive climate.
The mean temperature in December is 73 F (23 C).
The nights are cool and temperatures in winter may
drop below freezing point in many places. In April
and May the day temperature may cross 100 F
(38 C) but it is very dry and not sultry as in the
adjacent plains. The Chota Nagpur Plateau receives
an annual average rainfall of around 1400 mm,
which is less than the rainforested areas of much of
India and almost all of it in the monsoon months
between June and August.

Famous Plateaus and Hills

Plateaus
Chota Nagpur
Karbi Anglong
Malwa
Meghalaya Plateau

Hills

Jaintia
Khasi
Garo
Ooty
Anai Mudi (2,695 m)
Doda Betta(2,635 m)
Mahendragiri(1,501 m)
Shevroy
Javadi

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The Indian Desert

Name

The Thar Desert

Known as

The Great Indian Desert

Location

Northwest India

Boundary

Between India and

Pakistan

Area

200,000 km2

State

Rajasthan

Capital

Jaipur

Language Jaipuri ,Marwari,Malwi

People

Hindu, Muslim, Sikhs

Introduction
The Thar Desert also known as the Great Indian Desert, is
a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian
subcontinent and forms a natural boundary running along
the border between India and Pakistan. With an area of
more than 200,000 km2 (77,000 sq mi), it is the
world's 9th largest subtropical desert.
It lies mostly in the Indian State of Rajasthan, and extends
into the southern portion of Haryana and Punjab states
and into northern Gujarat state. In Pakistan, the desert
covers eastern Sindh province and the southeastern
portion of Pakistan's Punjab province. The Cholistan
Desert adjoins the Thar desert spreading into Pakistani
Punjab province.

Origin of Desert
The origin of the Thar Desert is a controversial subject. Some
consider it to be 4000 to 1,000,000 years old, whereas others
state that aridity started in this region much earlier.
Another theory states that area turned to desert relatively
recently: perhaps around 2000 - 1500 BC. Around this time
the Ghaggar ceased to be a major river. It now terminates in
the desert but at one time was a watersource for the Indus
Valley Civilization centre of Mohenjo-daro.
It has been observed through remote sensing techniques that
Late Quaternary climatic changes and neotectonics have
played a significant role in modifying the drainage courses in
this part and a large number of palaeochannels exist.

Location of Thar Desert

In India the Thar Desert extends from the Sutlej River,
surrounded by the Aravalli Range on the east, on the
south by the salt marsh known as the Rann of Kutch,
and on the west by the Indus River. Its boundary to the
large thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined, about
3/5th of the total geographical area of the State.
In Pakistan, the desert covers the eastern Sindh
province and the southeastern portion of
Pakistan's Punjab province. The Tharparkar District is
one of the major parts of the desert
area. Tharparkar consists of two words: Thar means
desert while Parkar stands for the other side.

Location of Thar Desert - 2

Years back, it was known as Thar and Parkar but
subsequently became just one word Tharparkar
for the two distinct parts of Sindh province. On
the western side, Parkar is the irrigated area
whereas Thar, the eastern part, is known as the
largest desert of Pakistan.
Rainfall in the area is very low, from 100-500mm
per year, all falling between July and September,
and the climate is harsh with temperatures
ranging from near freezing up to 50C.

Natural Vegetation
The natural vegetation of this dry area is
classed as Northern Desert Thorn
Forest occurring in small clumps scattered
more or less openly. Density and size of
patches increase from west to east following
the increase in rainfall. Natural vegetation of
Thar Desert is composed of following
tree, shrub and herb species.

Tree Species Types: Tree Species

Small trees and shrubs
Herbs and Grassess

Threats and Preservation

There are eleven national parks in the Thar
desert area, the largest of which are the Nara
Desert Wildlife Sanctuary and the Rann of
Kutch.

Agriculture
The Thar is one of most heavily-populated
desert areas in the world and the main
occupations of people living here
are agriculture and animal husbandry.
Agriculture is not a dependable proposition in
this areaafter the rainy season, at least 33%
of crops fail. Animal husbandry, trees and
grasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruit
trees, is the most viable model for arid,
drought-prone regions.

People
The Thar Desert is mainly inhabited by Hindus,
Muslims, and Sikhs. The portion in Pakistan is
inhabited by primarily by Sindhis and Kolhis. A
colourful culture rich in tradition prevails in
the desert. The people have a great passion
for folk music and folk poetry.
About 40% of the total population of
Rajasthan state live in the Thar desert.

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The Coastal Plains

Name

Location

The Coastal plain

South, East, North India

Rainfall (East)

1000mm to 3000mm

Rainfall(West)

2000mm

State

Rajasthan

Introduction of Western Coast

The Western Coastal Plains is a thin strip of
coastal plain 50 km in width between the west
coast of India and the Western Ghats hills
which starts near the south of river Tapi. They
are sandwiched between the Western
Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The plains begin
at Gujarat in the north and end at Kerala in
the south. It also includes the states
of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka.

Climate of Western Coast

The climate varies between tropical wet, tropical
wet and dry, and semi arid. The coastal regions
experience little seasonal variations although the
temperatures range between 20C to
38C. Mumbai and northern Konkan regions
experience cooler winters with minimum
temperatures hovering around 12 C. Interior
Maharashtra experiences hot summers with
maximum temperatures averaging 40C and mild
winters with minimum temperatures averaging
about 10C. Gujarat have the same.

Introduction of Eastern Coast

The Eastern Coastal Plains refer to a wide
stretch of landmass of India, lying between
the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It
stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south
to West Bengal in the north.
Deltas of many of India's rivers form a major
portion of these plains.

Climate of Eastern Coast

The Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna rivers
drain these plains. The region receives both the
Northeast and Southwest monsoon rains with its
annual rainfall averaging between 1,000 mm (40 in)
and 3,000 mm (120 in). The width of the plains
varies between 100 to 130 km (62 to 80 miles).
It is locally known as Northern
Circars between Mahanadi and Krishna rivers
and Carnatic between Krishna and Kaveri rivers.

Parts of Coastal Plains

It consists of three sections. The Northern part
of the coast is called the Konkan while the
southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar
Coast and southern part is known Coromandel
coast. On its northern side there are two gulfs:
the gulf of Khambat and the gulf of Kachch.

Konkan Coast
The Konkan also called the Konkan
Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western
coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore.
The sapta-Konkan is a slightly larger region
described in the Skanda-purana. Residents of
Konkan and their descendants are called Konkanis.
The name may also refer specifically to the Konkani
people, ethnic group of the region; most of whom
speak the Konkani language.

Malabar Coast
The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow southwestern shore line of the mainland Indian
subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the
wettest region of southern India, as the Western
Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains,
especially on their westward-facing mountain
slopes. The term "Malabar Coast" is also sometimes
used in reference to the entire Indian coast from
the western coast of Konkan to the tip of the
subcontinent at Cape Comorin.

Coromandel Coast

The Coromandel Coast is the name given to the

southeastern coast of the Indian Subcontinent
between Cape Comorin and False Divi Point. It
may also include the southeastern coast of the
island of Sri Lanka.

Khambhat A Gulf
Khambhat , formerly known as Cambay, is a city
and a municipality in Anand district in
the Indian state of Gujarat. It was formerly an
important trading center, although its harbour has
gradually silted up, and the maritime trade has
moved elsewhere. Khambhat lies on an alluvial
plain at the north end of the Gulf of Khambhat,
which is noted for the extreme rise and fall of
its tides, which can vary as much as thirty feet in
the vicinity of Khambhat.

Kachch A Gulf
Kutch district is district of Gujarat state in
western India. Covering an area of 45,612 km, it is
the largest district of India.
Kachchh literally means something which
intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of
this district is known as Rann of Kachchh which is
shallow wetland which submerges in water during
the rainy season and becomes dry during other
seasons.

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The Islands

Name
Location
Capital

The Andaman &

Nicobar Island
Bay of Bengal

Port Blair

Language

Hindi ,Telugu ,Bengali

,Tamil ,Malayalam

Known as

Malabar 2007

Boundary

India Southern Cost

Area

8,249 sq.km

Introduction
The Andaman and Nicobar island the territory is located
geographically 150km [93 mi] north of Aceh in Indonesia
and separated form Thailand and
Burma by the
Andaman Sea. It comprises two island groups, the
Andaman Island and the Nicobar Island, separated by the
10N parallel , with the Andaman to the north of this
latitude , and the Nicobar to the south. The Andaman Sea
lies to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the west.
The territory s capital is the Andamanese town of Port
Blair . The territory s population as per the most recent
(2011) Census of India was 379,944 . Added together , the
total land area of the territory is approximately 6,496 km
(2,508 sq mi ).

The Andaman and Nicobar Island is

divided into two broad categories : The Andaman in the north.
The Nicobar in the south.

The Andaman and Nicobar Island

This island are bigger in size and are more
numerous and scattered.
It is believed that these islands are an elevated
portion of submarine mountains.
These island lie close to equator and experience
equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.
The coastal region and island group provide sites
for fishing and port activities.

Climate of Andaman and Nicobar

Island
The climate of the Andaman and Nicobar Island is
tropical but is moderated by sea breezes.
Temperatures typically rise form the low 70s F (about
23C) into the mid-80s F(about 30C) daily throughout
the year. The territory receives roughly 120 inches
(3,000 mm) of rain annually , brought mainly by the
southwest monsoon, which blows form May to
September, and by the tropical cyclones that follow in
october and November. In the Nicobars, Great Nicobar
receives considerably more rain than the other
island.

Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Island

Andaman & Nicobar Island are
blessed with a unique tropical
rainforest canopy, made of a mixed
flora with elements form indian,
Myanmarese , Malaysian and
endemic floral strains. So far, about
2,200 varieties of plant have been
recorded, out of which 200 are
endemic and 1,300 do not occur in
mainland India.

Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Island

These islands because some like turbo, trochus
& nautilus etc. are used as novelties
supporting many cottage industries producing
a wide range of decorative items &
ornaments. Shells such as giant clam, green
mussel and oyster support edible shell fishery
a few like scallop , clam , and cockle are burnt
in kilns to produce edible lime like mammals,
butterflies , moths , shells , univalve , octopus,
squid , nautilus , fish.

Economy of Andaman and Nicobar

Island
The union territory of Andaman and
Nicobar Island has a vast forest resource
base with 7,171 sq km of the total area of
island covered by forest a large variety of
timber is found in the Andaman group of
island.
The island have reported the occurrence of
diatomaceous earth , gold , limestone ,
nickel , selenite and sulphur. The oil and
natural gas commission is continuing the
exploration for oil and gas there.

The origin of Andaman and Nicobar

Island
The Andaman and Nicobar island have been
inhabited for several thousand years, at the very
least. The earlier archaeological evidence yet
documented goes back some 2,200 years, the
indications form genetic , cultural and linguistic
isolation studies point to habitation going back
30,000 to 60,000 years , well into the middle
paleolithic. Mythologically the name Andaman is
presumed to be derived from hanuman , the
monkey god , who was known to the malayalis as
handuman.

Length and Breadth of Andaman &

Nicobar Island

Length and Breadth of Andaman Island

Total Length
467kms
Maximum Width
52kms
Average Width
24kms
Length and Breadth of Nicobar Island
Total Length
259kms
Maximum Width
58kms

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Maps
The Himalaya Mountains

The Northern Plains

The Indian Desert

All Physical Features of India

MAPS ARE HYPERLINKED.