Manoj Kumar Jha

Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Sharda University

Syllabus
UNIT 1: Introduction
Energy reserves and estimates, global energy scenario,
environmental, social and economic impact of renewable
energy use.
UNIT 2: Solar Energy
Solar Energy: Solar energy applications, availability of Solar
radiation energy, solar thermal systems, solar
photovoltaic's -basic PV operation, PV technologies,
electrical characteristics, interfacing technology.
UNIT 3: Wind Energy
Wind Energy: Wind resource assessment and modelling,
types of wind turbines, performance assessment, control
and electrical aspects

 UNIT 4: Water Power

Water Power: hydropower power equation, large and small
hydro, hydro turbines, control and electrical aspects.
UNIT 5: Biomass Energy

Biomass Energy: Biomass as a source of energy, biogasits

generation and utilization for thermal and electricity
generation
UNIT 6: Other Sources
Other Sources: Geothermal energy, hydrogen energy, fuel
cells, wave energy and tidal power

Applications
Present usage
Solar Thermal systems
Solar photovoltaic
Electrical characteristics
Interfacing technology

Definition:
Solar energy is the energy received by the earth from the
sun. This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which
makes the production of solar electricity possible.
Solar energy is the most ancient source, and it is the root
material for almost all fossil and renewable types.
Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy comes
at the top of the list due to its abundance, and more evenly
distribution in nature than any other renewable energy
types such as wind, geothermal, hydro, wave and tidal
energies.

 Approximately 1 % of the world's desert area

utilized by solar thermal power plants would
be sufficient to generate the world's entire
electricity demand.
About solar intensity:
Solar intensity outside the atmosphere:
2.8*10^23 kW/year
Energy reaching the earth is 1.5*10^18
KWh/year

 Measurement of Solar Energy Radiation

Absorption:
Theselectionofthisabsorptionofvariouswavele
ngthsoccursbydifferentmolecules.
Theabsorbedradiationincreasestheenergyofth
eabsorbingmolecules,thusraisingtheirtemperat
ure

Solar and Earth Radiation

Pyranometers
Measures temperature difference between an absorbing (black) plate and a nonabsorbing (white) plate. Thermopile converts temperature difference of plates to a
voltage difference
Glass shield keeps out LW radiation, keeps ambient wind from affecting the heat
gain/loss of the black plate, and protects from contamination of black surface

 A sunshine recorder is a device that records the amount of sunshine at a

given location. The results provide information about the weather and
climate of a geographical area. This information is useful in metrology
science, agriculture, tourism and other fields.
There are two basic types of sunshine recorders. One type uses the sun
itself as a times scale for the sunshine readings. The other type uses some
form of clock for the time scale.
Older recorders required a human observer to interpret the results; recorded
results might differ among observers. Modern sunshine recorders use
electronics and computers for precise data that do not depend on a human
interpreter. Newer recorders can also measure the global and diffuse
radiation