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III
Joints
1. Articular tissues
a. Cartilage
b. Synovium
c. Meniscus
2. Arthroses
CARTILAGE
Type of cartilage
a. Growth plate ( physeal ) cartilage
b. Fibrocartilage : tendon and ligament
insertion into bone
c. Elastic cartilage ( trachea )
d. Fibroelastic cartilage ( menisci)
e. Articular cartilage.
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Function
decreases in friction and distributes loads
Characteristic
Avascular , aneural and alymphatic.
PH: 7,4
Composition
a. Water (65-80% of wet weight) for nutrition and
lubrication,allow deformation of cartilage surface in response to
stress.
b. Collagen collagen type 2, provide cartilaginous framework and
tensile strength, half life 25 years
c. Proteoglycan produced by chondrocytes, provide compressive
strength ,
Collagen synthesis .
Collagen catabolism enzymatic processes
Proteoglycan sintesis.
Proteoglycan catabolism.
SYNOVIUM
Types
Type A : fagosit
Type B : produce syonovial fluid , fibroblastlike cells
Type C : intermediate cell type
Components and function
Synovial fluid consists : hyaluronic acid ,
lubricin , proteinase, collagenasse and
prostaglandin
SYNOVIUM
FUNCTION
1. Lumbricate articular cartilage lubricin
2. Provides nourishment through diffusion
HISTOLOGY
Chronic inflammation of synovium accumulation of
lymphocytes , hyperplasia intima lining, neutrphils
absence.
MENISCUS
Deepens the articular surface of a variety
synovial joints .
More elastic and less permeable than articular cartilage,
triangular semilunar structure.
Meniscus transmits 50% of the force across the jointwhen
the knee is extended and up to 90 % in deep flexion.
Meniscus composed fibroelastic cartilage , collagen fiber
(type 1), proteoglycans glcoprotein and cellular elements.
The cell responsible for menischal healing is the
fibrochondrocyte.
Peripheral acute meniscal tears width < 4 mm have the best
healing characteristics