A door may be defined as a framework of

wood, steel, aluminum, glass or a combination

of these materials secured in an opening left
in a wall for the purpose of providing access
to the users of the structures.
It basically consists of two parts i.e. (i) A
frame and (ii) Shutter (leaf,)

The frame is normally made up of timber.

Timber is easily available everywhere and it
can be worked into different shape without
difficulty.
Made up of steel or precast
R.C.C.
members are generally used. Steel or R.C.C.
Frames are also recommended in construction
on sites infested with termites.

Shutter are generally made up of timber

framework with panel insets of glass, timber,
plywood, block board or as combination of
such materials.

In case of steel doors, the shutter are made

of frame work of rolled steel sections with
panel inserts of glass or steel plates. Next to
steel, aluminium doors are considered to be the
best as they are rust proof and present an
elegant appearance. However since aluminium is
costly as compared to timber or steel, use of
aluminium doors is normally restricted to public
buildings.
For small opening a door is provided with one
leaf or shutter and such a doors is known a
single leaf doors. In case of wider opening
the door should have two leaves and such a
door is termed as double leaf door.

From consideration of proper space utilisation

and privacy, doors should as for as possible
be located near the corner of a room (say
about 20cm away from the corner).

The location of the door should meet the

functional requirements of the room.

The number of doors in a room should be

kept minimum to achieve optimum utilisation of
space. Large number of doors besides causing
obstruction, consume more area in circulation.

The size of door to be adopted for a

room depends basically upon the
functional requirement of the room. In
case of W.C. or bath room where only
one person is expected to go at a time a
door width of 75 cm is considered
adequate. On the other hand, the size of
a garrage door should be such that it
may permit a car to pass through.

Sl. No.

1.

2.

Type of Builiding

Size: of door in mm

Door of Residential building

(a) External door
(b) Internal Door
(c) Door for bath or w.c.

1000 x 2000
900 x 2000
800 x 2000

Door of public building like school,

Hospital, Library etc.

1200 x 2000
1200 x 2100

3.
Door of garrrage for cars

or 1200 x 2250
2250 x 2250

Door frame is made up of two vertical

members known as jambs or posts
and a flat members connecting the
jambs at top called head.
The size of door frame is worked out
after allowing a clearance of 5 mm.

In case of doors having one shutter, the jamb or

head is taken as 60 mm. thick and 100 mm.
wide. In case of doors having two shutters, the
width of the frame members is increased from
100 mm. to 120 or 140 mm.
Details of frames having (i) shutter on one side
and (ii) shutter on either side (kitchen door
having double shutter i.e. fly proof shutter on
one side and panelled shutter on the other),

Before fixing, all portion of the frame which will come in contact
with masonry, are painted with thick coat of coal tar or by any
approved type of wood primer. The frame is placed in Proper
position and secured to the wall by means of iron hold fasts. A
minimum of three hold fasts are fixed on each jamb; one being
fixed at the centre and the remaining two at 30 cm. from the
top and bottom if the jamb. The hold fasts are embedded in
concrete blocks and the frame gets built in as the flooring to its
full depth. Sometimes the jamb are embedded in the flooring to
its full depth. Sometimes the jamb are also secured to the floor
by means of metal pins or dowels .
Alternatively the frame can be fixed in a prepared door
opening. In this case wooden blocks are known as plugs are
embedded at appropriate places in the jambs during the
construction of the wall . After the door opening is prepared, the
frame is placed in position and fixed with the plugs with G.I.
wood screws. This method of Fixing frame is invariably adopted
in case of stone masonry or R.C.C work.

Steel door frame can be made out of

angle Tee, channel or pressed steel
plates. As in case of timber frame, in this
case there are two jamb posts and a
head. At the joints the members are
either welded are rigidly fixed together
by mechanical means. Sometimes a
horizontal member ( angle iron) is also
provided to fix the jambs at base at floor
level. This member is known threshold.

Depending upon the type of material used, arrangement of different components,

method of construction and nature of working operation, door can be broadly classified
into different types as under :
1. Battened and ledged doors.
2. Battened ledged, braced doors.
3. Battened ledged, braced and framed doors.
4. Framed and panelled doors.
5. Glazed or sash doors.
6. Flush doors.
7. Fly proof doors.
8. revolving doors.
9. sliding doors.
10. swing doors.
11. collapsible steel doors.
12. rolling grill doors.
13. Rolling steel shutter doors.
14. M.S. sheet doors.
15. fire check door.
16.