Data Communication circuit arrangements

Circuit Configuration:
Two point configuration




Multipoint configuration

Data Communication Hardware
A multipoint data communication circuit block diagram
Primary Host
Secondary or remote
Line control unit(LCU)
At Primary station :
provides interface between host computer and other
circuit.

At Secondary station:

Directs the flow of input and output data traffic between
links and their application program.
It provides parallel to serial and serial to parallel conversion
of data
LCU with a software is called as front end processor(FEP)
LCU has error detection and error correction.
LCU operates only on digital data

Most of the functions of LCU are performed by
single IC called as UART/USRT

UART- Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter

USRT- Universal synchronous receiver/transmitter

INTELs USART 8251
Motorolas UART asynchronous communication
interface adapter(ACIA)
UART- Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
Asynchronous- no clocking information is transferred
between DTE and DCE
Primary functions of UART:
To perform serial to parallel and vice-versa
To perform error detection(parity bits)
To insert and detect start/stop bits
Hardware consists of 2 sections:
Transmitter
receiver
UART TRANSMITTER
TBMT-Transmit Buffer Empty
TD-Transmit Data
TDS-Transmit Data Strobe
TEOC-Transmit End of Char
TSO-Transmit serial out
Control word
To indicate no of bits, nature of parity, and the
no of stop bits
Receiver of UART
RSI-receive serial input
RDA-receive data available
RPE- receive parity error
SWE- status word enable
RDE-receive data enable

RDAR-receive data available
reset
USRT- Universal synchronous
receiver/transmitter
Synchronous- clocking information is transferred
between DTE and DCE

Primary functions of USRT:
To perform serial to parallel and vice-versa

To perform error detection(parity bits)

To insert and detect SYN characters(difference
between USRT& UART)

Transceiver of USRT
Receiver syn strobe
Transmitter syn strobe
TCP- transmitter clock signal
SCR- syn character receive
TBMT-Transmit Buffer Empty
TD-Transmit Data
TDS-Transmit Data Strobe
TEOC-Transmit End of Char
TSO-Transmit serial out
RSI-receive serial input
RDA-receive data available
RPE- receive parity error
SWE- status word enable
RDE-receive data enable
RDAR-receive data available reset
RR- Receive register
TCP- transmitter clock signal
RCP- Receiver clock signal

Interfaces
Serial Interface
Serial communication is the most
simplistic form of communication between two devices.
RS-232 is a standard by which two serial devices communicate
The connection must be no longer than 50 feet.
Transmission voltages are 15V and +15V.
It is designed around transmission of characters (of 7 bits of length).
Defines a 25 wire cable with a DB 25S/9S connector.
Data rate of up-to 20kbps for a distance of 50ft

Parallel interface
Transfers data between two devices eight or
more bits at a time.
Also referred to as serial by word transmission
advantage: faster transmission
Disadvantage: higher cost for transmission
Eg: Centronics parallel interface, IEEE 488 bus