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Modal Auxiliary

Buti Ayunda Putri (1303114588)


Ferdian Fernando (1303114571)
Fiqhi Ramadhan (1303114562)
Juliati Fitri (1303111942)
Noval Herfindo (1303114573)
Rahma Yuni (1303112185)
Rika Mulia (1303112247)
Rolly Aprilla (1303115136)
Yolanda Priscilia Gustantia (1303122311)
Yesi Rasela (1303112479)
Definition of Modals
Modal auxiliary is a verb that is used with another verbs that provide
additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence.

Shall
Should
Will
Would
Ought to

They are:

Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Had Better




Example



Nando must play the guitar
S
Subject
V
Verb
M
Form



He must study
He musts study or He must studies

Would he like to come with me?
Does you would like to come with me?

They cant go now
They dont can go now

There is no s/ es in singular
There is no do / does in the question
There is no dont / doesnt in the negative
Form



to can / caning to must /musting





Modal verbs do not have infinitives or ing forms


Modal verbs use other verbs to complete the tenses
Can is completed with be able to
Must is completed with have to

They can play the guitar
They will be able to play the guitar in the future

You had to come early yesterday
You must come early

Modal Auxiliary Expression


To understand it better we are going to divide them into
3 categories
1. Single Concept Modal : they have one meaning
2. Double Concept Modal: they have two meanings
3. Modals in past: They are used to express a situation in the
past

They can have more than one meaning
depending on the situations
Categories
Single concept
Modals
Double Concept
Modals
Modals in Past
Will
Might
Should
Ought to
Had better
May
Must
Would
Shall
Could
Can

Would have
Could have
Might have
Should have
May have
Must have
Single Concept Modal
Modal Concept Examples
Will

Future Buti will go to Germany next week
Might

Small probability Nando would leave to Yogyakarta soon
Should

Recommendation Yola should meet the Lecture
Ought to

Formal recommendation Fiqhi ought to know about first aids
Had better

Warning Juli had better study or she will fail the
test
Double Concept Modal
Modal Concept Examples
May (1)

Permission May I go home?
May (2)

Good probability We may visit Pekanbaru this holiday
Must (1)

Responsibility Everyone must pay taxes
Must (2)

Assumption Rika didnt arrive. She must be stuck
at traffic jam
Would (1)

Past (used to) When I was young, I would play
football
Would (2)

Present unreal Yesi would buy the plane but I cant
afford it
Double Concept Modal
Modal Concept Examples
Shall (1)

Educated expression
Offer
Excuse me, I shall go now
Shall I clean it?
Shall (2)

Contractual obligation The company shall pay on January 1
st

Could (1)

Unreal Ability Yola could go if Yols had time
Could (2)

Past Ability Yuni could play the trumpet, not anymore
Can (1) Present Ability We can speak English
Can (2) Permission May I leave?
Modals in the Past
They are modals referred to actions that
happened in the past



It must have been a difficult decision
They should have invited her to their wedding


MODAL + HAVE + verb in past participle

MODAL PERFECT EXAMPLES
MUST HAVE + P.P. Fiqhi has arrived late. He must
have been in a traffic jam
MAY / MIGHT HAVE + P.P. Noval may / might have taken
the wrong train.
COULD HAVE + P.P. You could have played better
COULDNT HAVE + P.P. He couldnt have passsed
because you hadnt studied
enough
WOULD HAVE + P.P. Nando would have visited you,
but I forgot your address
SHOULD /
OUGHT TO HAVE + P.P.
You should / ought to have
warned me earlier
SHOULDNT HAVE + P.P. Nando shouldnt have told them
NEEDNT HAVE + P.P. You neednt have bought it .
Modals in Past : Modal + have + past participle
Modal Concept Example
Would have Past unreal action Fiqhi would have bought the car, but I
didnt have money
Could have Past unreal Ability Buti could have taken the flight
May have

Past unreal
Possibility
We may have passed the test, but it was in
French
Might have

Past Unreal Small
Probability
You might have sold the house, if you
really needed the money

Should have Past unreal
Recommendation
You should have listened to the doctor
Must have Past unreal
Assumption
We must have been crazy!
Modals-like verbs
Modal Concept Example
Like to Enjoy Yuni like to watch TV
Want to Desire Noval wants to buy a jet
Need to Necessity We really needed to talk to you
Have to

Obligation Nando had to pay the rent
Have got to Have to Ive got to go now
Look forward to Future plan Yola look forward to seeing you again
1. You should take a raincoat with you. It will rain.
This sentence means that .
a. you will take a raincoat
b. you may take a raincoat
c. you can take a raincoat
d. you ought to take a raincoat
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2. We be careful with our work in
order to get good mark.
a. might
b. could
c. would
d. should
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3. The sky is very dark. It is going to rain.
The children .. bring their raincoat to
go to school.
a. may
b. can
c. must
d. shall

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4. Yesi : Who is your English teacher?
Juli : Mrs. Ryrin. She speak
English well.
Yesi : Really?
Juli : Yes, shes been in USA for about
two years.
a. can
b. could
c. able
d. ability
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5. Buti : Have your heard that Mr. Usmans
wife has been hospitalized for a
week?
Rika : Really, Im sorry to hear that.
Buti : Yes, shes suffering for a serious
illness but her husband hasnt seen
her yet.
Rika : As her husband, Mr. Usman take
care of her well.
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a. can
b. must
c. should
d. might
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Thank You

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