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GROUP 2 :

- YANTI
- ADAM AHLUL KARIM
- ADHELINIA AFENIKA
- RYENFILD NAUFAL
EARTHQUAKES:
WHY? AND HOW?
Definitions
Earthquake = Vibration of the Earth produced by
the rapid release of energy

Seismic waves = Energy moving outward from
the focus of an earthquake

Focus= location of initial slip on the fault; where
the earthquake origins

Epicenter= spot on Earths surface directly
above the focus
THE DIFICULT WORDS
Rapid : cepat
Waves : gelombang
Outward : keluar
Origin : asal
Surface : permukaan


Cause of Earthquake
Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of
the earths surface. Earthquakes happen along "fault
lines" in the earths crust. Earthquakes can be felt over
large areas although they usually last less than one
minute.
Earthquakes cannot be :
predicted -- although
scientists are working on it!

Crust : kerak
Fault : kesalahan
scientists : ilmuwan

EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE
Landslides

Building damage

Liquefaction
Damage : kerusakan
Landslides : tanah longsor
Building damage : kerusakan bangunan
Liquefaction : pencairan
LIQUEFACTION
Results in a loss of soil strength & the ability of the soil to
support weight
when a solid (sand and soil) becomes saturated
with water and acts like a heavy liquid
Soil : tanah
Saturated : jenuh
Ability : kemampuan

EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE
Most caused by SURFACE waves (arrive last)
EARTHQUAKE WAVES
FOCUS = place deep within the Earth and along the fault where
rupture occurs

EPICENTER = geographic point
on surface directly above focus

SEISMIC WAVES produced by the release of energy
move out in circles from the point of rupture (focus)
2 types: surface & body (travel inside & through earths layers)
P waves: back and forth movement of rock; travel thru solid, liquid, gas
S waves: sideways movement of rock; travel thru solids only
EARTHQUAKE WAVES
3 types of seismic waves show up on seismogram
P waves: shake earth in same direction as wave;
travel thru solid, liquid, gas
S waves: Shake earth sideways to wave direction;
travel thru solids only
Surface waves: circular movement of rock;
travel on surface cause most damage!!
Rupture : pecah
Occur : terjadi
Directly : secara langsung
Epicenter : pusat gempa
Circular : memutar
Travel : perjalanan

Why do Earthquakes Occur?
Fractures, faults
Energy released
and propagates
in all directions
as seismic
waves causing
earthquakes
focus
epicenter
Fractures : patah, retak
Propagate : menyebarkan
Direction : arah
EARTHQUAKE
EARTHQUAKE

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