Antidegradant

Nguyen Minh Duc-14011

Rubber aging
Common antidegradant
Antidegradant
1.Rubber aging
Definition: rubber aging is a process when
rubbers properties are reduced by the effect of
oxygen, ozone, heat, light and mechanical force.
Aging process: oxidation happens in polymer
chain


-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
- + O
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH-
-
O
-
O
-

H
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
- + O
2
-CH
2
-CH-CH-CH
2
-
O - O
1.Rubber aging
Classification: base on the reasons: oxigen,
ozone, heat, light, mechanical force,
Aging speed: depend on the chemicals in
rubber compound.
Degree of aging: calculate base on the
changes in rubbers properties:
K=

x100% or K=

x100%



Antidegradant-classification
Base on the process:
Physical antidegradant: mostly parafin, inert to oxygen and
other chemicals cause oxidation. It creat a wall of protection
between rubber and oxygen
Chemical antidegradant: 2 kinds work in 2 different methods
- Chemical compound born in the early stage of aging process
react with antidegradant to form an inert chemical and stop
the aging process
- Free radical born in the early stage of aging process react with
antidegradant to form an inert chemical and cut the chain
radical reaction
Choosing-Antidegradant
No antidegradant suits all kind of rubbers
4 conditions:
Ability to disolve into polymer
Degree of evaporation
Not to influence other chemical and process
Non toxic
Content of antidegradant : 0.5 5.0 phr
Common antidegradant
A. Antioxidants
1. Phenolics
- Non colouring
- Include: monophenols,
Bisphenols, thiobisphenols,
Polyphenols and
hydroquinone


Most widely
used: BHT
Higher MW
=>lower volatility
=>higher activity
=>higher cost
2. Phosphites
Non staining
Hydrolyse in contact
with moisture
Destroyed during
vulcanization
Most common used:
TNP
3. Thioesters
- Destroyed during vulcanization
- Commonly used: BTPDE, TPDE
4. Amines
- First effective rubber antideoxidants
- Types: naphthylamines, diphenyl amine
derivatives, dihydroquinolines and
paraphenylenediamines
5. Bound antioxidants
- Bound antioxidants
- Quinonediimines: QUI



6. Miscellaneous
MBI, zinc and nickel
salts of the
Dithiocarbamates,
B. Antiozonants
1. para-phenylenediamines
- The most widely used class of antidegradant
- Staining
- Protection againts: oxygen, ozone, metal ions, flex
fatigue
1.1 Diaryl-p-phenilenediamines
- Low volatility, long protection
- Activating effect on sulfur cured systems
- Mostly used: diphenyl-p-phenylenediamines

1.2 Dialkyl-p-phenylenediamines
- Very good ozone resistance
- More volatility than diaryls



1.3 Aryl-Alkyl-p-phenylenediamines
- Best of all antidegradants


2. Triazine derivative:
- Limited solubility in synthetic rubbers
- High cost
- Antioxydant and antiozonant
- Non staining
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