PAPER BATTERY

Presented by
Shruti Dahiwal
Preeti Kothale


1 : Int roduct i on

2.1 : Carbon nanotubes
2.2: Manufacturing Process

2 : Formation of Battery
3 : Working
4 : Advantages
5 : Application

Flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production
device.
Formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a
conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.
A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery
and super capacitor.
This combination allows the battery to provide both
long-term, steady power production and bursts of
energy .
Can be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for different
applications without any loss of efficiency.
Can be stacked in multiples of power output.
2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a
postage stamp.


Combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned
carbon nanotubes that are each approximately
one millionth of a centimeter thick
These tiny filaments act like the electrodes found
in a traditional battery, conducting electricity
when the paper comes into contact with an ionic
liquid solution.
With no water in solution, cannot freeze and
hence operating temp -75 to 150 Degree Celsius

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known
as buck tubes) are allotropes of carbon with
a cylindrical nanostructure.
They exhibit extraordinary strength and
unique electrical properties, and are
efficient thermal conductors.
Nanotubes are members of
the fullerene structural family, the diameter
of a nanotube is on the order of a few
nanometers


Because of the symmetry and unique
electronic structure of graphene, the structure
of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical
properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube,
if n = m, the nanotube is metallic; if n m is a
multiple of 3, then the nanotube is
semiconducting with a very small band gap,
otherwise the nanotube is a
moderate semiconductor.

Growing the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and then
filling the gaps in the matrix with cellulose.
Once the matrix has dried, the material can be peeled
off of the substrate, exposing one end of the carbon
nanotubes to act as an electrode .
When two sheets are combined, with the cellulose
sides facing inwards, a super capacitor is formed that
can be activated by the addition of the ionic liquid.
This liquid acts as an electrolyte and may include salt-
laden solutions like human blood, sweat or urine.


While a conventional battery contains a number of
separate components, the paper battery integrates all
of the battery components in a single structure,
making it more energy efficient.

INTEGRATED DEVICES No warm up time, power
loss, component malfunction; Loss of energy while
transferring power from one component to another,
less energy lost in an integrated device
Refer:
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php




Batteries produce electrons through a chemical
reaction between electrolyte and metal in the
traditional battery.
Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between
electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.
Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the
battery and flow along a connected wire to the
positive terminal
Electrons must flow from the negative to the
positive terminal for the chemical reaction to
continue.



The sheets can be rolled, twisted, folded, or cut into
numerous shapes with no loss of integrity or
efficiency, or stacked like printer paper to boost
total output.
The components are molecularly attached to each
other: the carbon nanotube print is embedded in
the paper, and the electrolyte is soaked into the
paper.
The medical uses are particularly attractive because
they do not contain any toxic materials and can be
biodegradable.
5 : APPLICATIONS
The paper-like quality of the battery
combined with the structure of the
nanotubes embedded within - light weight
and low cost.
Cosmetic path: paper battery is set in
iontophoresis patch for whitening and
wrinkles.
Medical path: paper battery is set in
iontophoresis patch. It helps to deliver
functional drug i.e., local anaesthesia,
antichloristic , anodyne, etc.. Into skin.

RFID tag: paper battery is useful to use as a
power source of active RFID tag.
Functional card: paper battery is possible to
use as a power source of melody and display
card.
Micro processor; paper battery supply power to
micro processor.
Ability to use electrolytes in blood make them
potentially useful for medical devices such as
pacemakers .

Refer :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller