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Individual Speed
600 700
1
0.0 2.0 50.0
2
4.4 6.7 45.0
3
6.0 8.0 50.0
4
11.4 14.3 35.0
5
15.0 17.5 40.0
6
17.5 20.0 40.0
7
21.1 23.3 45.0
8
23.3 25.0 60.0
Location (ft)
V
e
h
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c
l
e
Time of
Passing (sec)
Speed
(ft/sec)
(1)
Spot
Speed
mph) or (mi/hr
ft/sec
09 . 34 5280 / 3600 * 50
50
0 . 0 0 . 2
600 700
1
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Time Mean Speed
Mile
post
Observation Period
(ft/sec) 6 . 45
8
60 45 40 40 35 50 45 50
=
+ + + + + + +
=
t
v
Space Mean Speed
Observation Period
( )
(mi/hr) (ft/sec)
1 30 2 44
7 . 1 2 . 2 5 . 2 5 . 2 9 . 2 2 3 . 2 2
8 * 100
. . v
s
= =
+ + + + + + +
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Volume (q)
Number of vehicles passing a point during
a given time interval
Typically quantified by Rate of Flow
(vehicles per hour)
vph) or (veh/hr 1152
3600 / 25
8
= = q
Time-Space Plot
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (sec)
D
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t
a
n
c
e
(
f
t
)
Volume (q)
Density (k)
Number of vehicles occupying a given
length of roadway
Typically measured as vehicles per mile
(vpm),
or vehicles per
mile per lane
(vpmpl)
Density (k)
Density (k)
(veh/mi) (mi/hr) (veh/hr)
k v q * =
(veh/mi)
(mi/hr) (veh/hr)
22 . 38 1 . 30 / 1152
* 1 . 30 1152
= =
=
k
k
Spacing (s)
Front bumper to front bumper distance
between successive vehicles
S
1-2
S
2-3
T=3sec
Headway (h)
Time between successive vehicles passing
a fixed point
T=0 sec
h
1-2
=3sec
Spacing and Headway
spacing
headway
Spacing and Headway
A
What are the individual headways and the average headway measured at
location A during the 25 sec period?
Spacing and Headway
A
What are the individual headways and the average headway measured at
location A during the 25 sec period?
600 700
1
0.0 2.0
2
4.4 6.7
3
6.0 8.0
4
11.4 14.3
5
15.0 17.5
6
17.5 20.0
7
21.1 23.3
8
23.3 25.0
Location (ft)
V
e
h
i
c
l
e
Time of
Passing (sec)
h
1-2
h
2-3
Lane Occupancy
Ratio of roadway occupied by vehicles
L
1
L
2
L
3
D
D
L
LO
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Clearance (c) and Gap (g)
Front bumper to back bumper distance
and time
Spacing (ft) or headway (sec)
Clearance (ft) or Gap (sec)
avg
avg
avg avg
v
L
h g =
avg avg avg
v g c * =