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Well Engineering or

Drilling
Planning the Drilling Process
Basis For Design Information
Well Location
Water Depth
Pore Pressure Profile
Formation Types, Depths & Thicknesses
Reservoir location & Total Depth Requirements
Formation Evaluation Requirements (Logging, Coring, Testing)

Design Well
Select Casing Points, Cement Design, Mud Type & Density, Select
Wellheads, Bits & BHA components etc.

Develop Drilling Program (Plan)

Obtain PMU Approvals

What is in a Drilling Program?
- General information on location and operational setting
- Casing Design
- Drilling Fluids Design
- Cementing Design
- Pressure testing schedule
- Logging and formation evaluation overview
- Precautions for dealing with potential hazards (well see
latter why this is very important)
The Team Required
Seismic
Geological Studies
Drilling Location
Seabed Survey
Hazard Identification
Offset Well Studies
Environmental Impact
Emergency Response
Budget Approval
Rig Procurement
Establish Teams
Well Proposal
Drilling Program

Multi-disciplinary Team

Geoscientists
Drilling Engineers
Completion Engineer
Reservoir Engineers
Petroleum Engineers
HSE & Environmental Advisers
Logistics Support
Services Support the rest of the
office
Third Party Contractors
Mudloggers
MWD Contractors
Wireline Logging Contractors
Mud Engineers
Cementing Operators
Rig Positioning Personnel
Casing Running Crew
ROV Crew
Well Testing Crew
++++
Submersible Jackup Semisubmersible
Drillship
MODU Types
Submersible Jack-up Semi-submersible Drillship
What type of Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit
(MODU or rig) should we use?
7 000 8 950
10 000 11 000
Jack-up
(over MOPU)
Semi-Submersible
Drillship
Typical Rig Day Rates
Jack-up MYR 330 000 MYR 605 000
Semisub MYR 520 000 MYR 1 635 000
Deepwater MYR 1 471 000 MYR 2 290 000


Daily Well Cost with ancillary services = MYR 1 500 000
(~MYR 62 500 Per Hour)
Drilling The Well
Drill 36 hole section
for Appraisal Wells
Drill intermediate hole section
Pull out of hole
Run and cement
intermediate casing string
Drill TD hole section into reservoir
What turns the pipe?
How is it connected together?
What does a drill bit look like?
Top Drive
Top drive
Travelling
block
National 1625 drawworks National 1625 drawworks
Draw Works
Steel cable
Cable drum
Typical Drill Floor
Rotary table
Topdrive
Drill pipe
Kelly hose
Draworks
Why Doesnt the hole cave in?
What Stops The Oil From Spurting Out?
We Use Drilling Fluids or Mud
- Stabilise the hole
- Minimise torque
- Suspend the
cuttings
- Minimise drag
- Assist Drilling
-Transport the cuttings
- Avoid stuck pipe
- Protect the reservoir
- Control pressure
- Clean & Cool the Drill Bit
Drilling Fluid Circulation System (land rig -
MODUs use storage tanks for reserves)
How do we know if we have found oil?
We are not actually allowed to do this big
trouble if we do!
Logging

Measurements Include;

GR (Indication of Shaliness, I.e. Discerns Between Sands and
Shales)
Resistivity (Hydrocarbon Indicator)
Density, Neutron, Sonic (Porosity)
Sonic (Rock Velocities)
Formation Pressure and Sampling Tool (Pressures & Fluid Types)
Image Logs (Formation Dips, Fractures)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Porosity & Permeability)
Sidewall Cores (Lithology, Shows, Age-dating, Geochem)
WIRELINE LOGGING UNIT
Cable drum
Doghouse
Logging unit
Generator
Wireline Logging Tool Basket
Typical Log

Everybody is smiling because we have found
some oil.
.but now we need to find out about the reservoir
Source: UK Offshore Oil & Gas
Oil & gas are
burned under
controlled
conditions
PRODUCTION TESTING
Testing
Burners
Burner
Boom
Water Spray Cooling
Shield
Flare
Looks pretty easy !
What could possibly go wrong?
Potential Drilling Problems
Mooring Problems
Hit the MOPU, Infrastructure, Boats
Hole Stability
Slumping Sands
Over-pressured & stressed shales
Reactive Clays & Shales
Stuck Pipe
Mechanical / Differential
Well Control
Overpressure Blow out
Losses
Directional Control
Drillers work hard to avoid having a really bad day
like this.
This would be a very bad day for a lot of people.
Just one of many reasons why it is very important
to do every task correctly the first time, every time!
but seriously
Plenty of incentive to plan it right.
Very reliant on good hazard identification and risk
mitigation.
Safe, cost efficient drilling is a result of good
planning rather than good luck.

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