Institute of Air Safety-PAF

TI-3 - SJ
MATERIAL FAILURE
TERMINOLOGIES
Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
MATERIAL FAILURE
What ?
How ?
Why ?
Preventive action !

Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
Failure Terminologies
Depositing
Denting
Breakage
Cracking
Scoring
Scratch
peeling
Bulging
Rupturing
Collapsing
Disintegration

Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
Deposits
A build-up of material on another
material

Materials in direct or indirect contact

Institute of Air Safety-PAF
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DEPOSITS

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Dent
A surface indention with rounded bottom
usually caused by impact of a foreign
object
parent material is displaced , seldom
separated
Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ

DENT

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TI-3 - SJ
Breakage
Material separated by force into two
or more pieces
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BREAKAGE
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Cracked
Separation of material which may progress
to a complete break
Visible / hidden
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TI-3 - SJ

CRACK
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CRACK
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Score
Deep scratch or scratches made during
operation by sharp edges of foreign particles

Piece of metal is usually removed from the
surface

Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
SCORED

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Scratch
Light , narrow and shallow mark or
marks caused by movement of a sharp
object across a surface
material is displaced not removed
Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
SCRATCHED

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Peeling
Breaking away of surface finish such as
coating
Plating

Blistered condition usually precedes
accompanied by flaking
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PEELING
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Bulging
Localized outward or inward swelling usually
caused by excessive heating and / or differential
pressure
Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
Rupture
Extensive breaking apart of material

Usually caused by high stresses, differential
pressure or locally applied force
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RUPTURE
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Collapsing
Inward deformation of the original contour
of a part
Usually due to high pressure differentials
heavy impact forces
Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
Disintegration
Separation or decomposition into fragments
Excessive degree of fracturing (breaking)
complete loss of original form
Institute of Air Safety-PAF
TI-3 - SJ
Disintegration