GROUP 12

Nur Anwar 1403101000

Jhon David 140310120010
Ryan Prasetiyo 140310120048
Partanu Ardi Aksa 140310130053
Contents
Objectives
Basic theory
Experiment Procedure
Application
Conclusion

objectives
Define the moments of inertia for an
area.
Determine the moments of inertia for
an area by integration.
Know physics phenomenon in daily
life about moment of inertia.
What is Moment of Inertia ?
Moment of inertia is a quantity
expressing a body's tendency to resist
angular acceleration. It is the sum of the
products of the mass of each particle in
the body with the square of its distance
from the axis of rotation.
Methods for Determining the
MOMENT OF INERTIA
1. Composites If an object can be divided up into relatively simple
shapes with known moments of inertia, then the moment of inertia of
the entire object is the sum of the moments of inertial of the parts.
2. Integration If the area or volume of an object can be described by
mathematical equations, then the moment of inertia can be
determined through integration.
3. Solid modeling software Software such as AutoCAD, Inventor, and
SolidWorks can be used to construct 3D models of objects. The
software can also determine the moment of inertia of the objects (as
well as volumes, radii of gyration, centroids, etc.)
Moment of Inertia Defined
The moment of inertia measures the resistance to a
change in rotation.
Change in rotation from torque
Moment of inertia I = mr
2
for a single mass

The total moment of inertia is due to the sum of
masses at a distance from the axis of rotation.

N
i
i i
r m I
1
2
This mass analog is called the
moment of inertia, I, of the object


r = moment arm
SI units are kg m
2

m
dm r I
2

dz dy dx r I
2

Moment of Inertia of an Area by

Integration

Second moments or
moments of inertia of an
area with respect to the x
and y axes,

dA x I dA y I
y x
2 2
Moments of Inertia of Common
Geometric Shapes









Extended objects can
be treated as a sum of
small masses.

A straight rod (M) is a
set of identical masses
Dm.

The total moment of
inertia is


Each mass element
contributes


The sum becomes
an integral


Mass at a Radius
axis
length L
distance r to r+Dr
2
) (

D r m I

D
D D
r r L M I
r L M m
2
) / (
) / (
2 3
0
2
) 3 / 1 ( ) 3 / )( / (
) / (
ML L L M I
dr r L M I
L

Moment of Inertia on Two
spheres

m
r
m
A spun baton has a
moment of inertia due
to each separate mass.

I = mr
2
+ mr
2
= 2mr
2

If it spins around one
end, only the far mass
counts.

I = m(2r)
2
= 4mr
2
Rigid Body Rotation
The moments of inertia for many shapes
can found by integration.

Ring or hollow cylinder: I = MR
2
Solid cylinder: I = (1/2) MR
2


Hollow sphere: I = (2/3) MR
2

Solid sphere: I = (2/5) MR
2


Point and Ring
The point mass, ring and
hollow cylinder all have the
same moment of inertia.

I = MR
2


All the mass is equally far
away from the axis.
The rod and rectangular
plate also have the same
moment of inertia.

I = (1/3) MR
2


The distribution of mass
from the axis is the same.
R
M
M
R
axis
length R length R
M
M
Playground Ride
A child of 180 N sits at the
edge of a merry-go-round
with radius 2.0 m and mass
160 kg.
What is the moment of
inertia, including the child?
Assume the merry-go-round
is a disk.
I
d
= (1/2)Mr
2
= 320 kg m
2

Treat the child as a point
mass.
W = mg, m = W/g = 18 kg.
I
c
= mr
2
= 72 kg m
2

The total moment of inertia
is the sum.
I = I
d
+ I
c
= 390 kg m
2
m
M
r
Parallel Axis Theorem
Some objects dont rotate
about the axis at the center
of mass.

The moment of inertia
depends on the distance
between axes.
The moment of inertia for a
rod about its center of mass:
2
Mh I I
CM

axis
M
h =
R/2
2
2 2
2 2
) 12 / 1 (
) 4 / 1 ( ) 3 / 1 (
) 2 / ( ) 3 / 1 (
MR I
MR MR I
R M I MR
CM
CM
CM

Spinning coin
What is the moment of inertia of
a coin of mass M and radius R
spinning on one edge?
The moment of inertia of a
spinning disk perpendicular to the
plane is known.
I
d
= (1/2) MR
2


The disk has two equal axes in
the plane.
The perpendicular axis theorem
links these.
I
d
= I
e
+ I
e
= (1/2) MR
2

I
e
= (1/4) MR
2
M
R
M
R
I
d
I
e
Experiment procedure
1. Measure the length, width, & thick of a rectangular
piece
2. Measure the thick & diameter of cylindrical piece
3. Measure the mass of both pieces
4. Hanging the rectangular piece, made the length of
the piece parallel with the torque rope
5. Giving a rotation and let it go
6. Calculating the oscillation time with stopwatch for
20 swing
7. Repeat the procedure number 4,5, & 6 for the
torque rope parallel with the width and thick
8. Hanging the cylinder piece with the thick parallel
with torque rope, calculate the oscillation time by
giving a rotation similar to procedure number 6
9. Hanging the cylinder piece, this time parallel with
the diameter



APPLICATION
Why Is the I-Beam Oriented This Way,
Not the Other Way?















Answer: Higher Moment of Inertia
A drift car is an example
of the application of
moment of inertia. The
driver took the advantage
from inertia of the tires, so
he can get a high enough
speed when turning by
drifting.
CONCLUSION
Moment of inertia appears in Newton's second law for the
rotation of a rigid body, which states that the torque
necessary to accelerate rotation is proportional to the
moment of inertia of the body. Thus, the greater the moment
of inertia the greater the torque needed for the same
acceleration.
Moment of Inertia is a property of rigid bodies. It relates
rotational force (torque) to rotational acceleration in the same
way that mass relates ordinary (linear) force to ordinary
acceleration.
Moment of Inertia has dimensions of distance squared times
mass (ML
2
).
Moment of Inertia is always relative to a given axis. The
same rigid body will usually have different Moments of Inertia
for different axes.


WISE WORD
People become
fools when they
stop asking
questions
- anonymous