Chapter 1

Introduction to IT
What is Information Technology?
Information Technology is the integration of computers,
communications equipment and other technology used
in computer-based information system
Is the general term that describe any technology that
helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate,
and/or disseminate information
Why its important?
IT is bringing about the fusion of several important
industries dealing with computers, telephones,
televisions and various handheld device.
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A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
Knowledge and understanding of computers and their
uses
Computers are everywhere
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How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
Produces and stores results
Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into
information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols
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What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication
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Information Processing Cycle
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Component of computer
Input Devices
System Unit
Output Devices
Storage
Communication Device

Peripherals
Component that connect externally to the computer such as
printer, CD, mouse, screen, modem, hub, switch

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The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used to
enter data and
instructions
Accept data/
commands in a form
that the computer
can use; send to the
processing unit

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The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that
conveys information
to a user
Show people the
processed data
information in
understandable &
usable form

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The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Box-like case containing electronic components used to
process Data
Has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into
the information that people want
Two Component
Control Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions
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The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
Store data & programs outside of the computer
(diskettes, hard disk, CD.. )

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The Components of a Computer
What is a Communication
Device?
Hardware component
that enables a computer
to send and receive
data, instruction and
information to and
from one or more
computers
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Accuracy Communications
Why Is a Computer So Powerful?
What makes a computer powerful?
Storage
Reliability
and
Consistency
Speed
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Computer Software
What is a software program?
A program is a series of instructions that tells the
computer what to do

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Computer Software
What type of computer software?

System Software
Application
Software

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Computer Software
What is system software?
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Utility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Programs that control the operations of the computer
and its devices
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Computer Software
What is application software?
Presentation
Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word
Processing
Programs that perform specific
tasks for users.
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Computer Software
Who is a programmer?
Someone who develops
application or system
software
Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
process data into
information

Javascript program
Resulting Internet application
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Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together
A system that uses communications equipment to
connect computers and their resources

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To share
Networks and the Internet
Resources
Hardware
devices
Software
programs
Data
To save
time
and
money
Information
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Networks and the Internet
What is Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of computers
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Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
1. Communications
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Networks and the Internet
What is Web?
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page contains
text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
You can share
information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo community
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet
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Categories of Computers
Personal computers (desktop)
Mobile computers
and mobile devices
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
What are the categories of computers?

Supercomputers
Embedded Computer
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Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
People
Procedures
Data
Software
Hardware
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Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry
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Computer Generation
1
st
Generation
Period : 1951 1958
Architecture
Vacuum tube, machine language, magnetic core
memory, punch cards for storage.
Characteristics
Very big in size, electricity consumption is high,
electric failure occurred regularly, require large
air conditioner, batch processing.

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1
st
Generation
Milestone :

Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC), 1951.
Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), 1951.
Electronic Discreet Variable Computer (EDVAC), 1952.
IBM701, 1953.
The Whirlwind, 1953.
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2
nd
Generation
Period : 1959 1964
Architecture :
Transistor, magnetic tape for storage, programming
language (Assembly language, FORTRAN, COBOL).
Characteristics :
Computers became smaller , generate less heat, electricity
consumption lower , more reliable and faster, core
memory developed, magnetic tapes and disks used, first
operating systems developed, a new processing method was
needed, time-sharing (processing technique).

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2
nd
Generation
Milestone :

PDP-8, 1963
Real-time Reservation System, 1964
IBM System 360, 1964
BASIC (programming language), 1964
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3
rd
Generation
Period : 1965 1970
Architecture :
Integrated circuit; electronic circuit on small silicon
chip, compactness, inexpensive mass produced
Characteristics :
Smaller, faster and more reliable, lower power
consumption, high-level languages developed

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3
rd
Generation
Milestone :
Integrated Electronics (Intel) was founded in 1968.
Magnetic core memory was replaced by microchip
in 1968.
IBM System 370, 1969
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4
th
Generation
Period : 1971 Present
Architecture :
Microprocessor.
Characteristics :
Smaller and faster integrated circuit, different types of
secondary memory with high storage capacity and fast
access developed, great development in data
communication
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4
th
Generation
Milestones :
Microprocessor, 1971
Pascal (programming language), 1971
Intel 8008, 1972
The first operating system (OS) was developed in
1972 called CP/M
Intel 8080, 1974
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