MIS

Data, Information and Systems

Data


 A given fact , a number, a statement, or a picture

 Represents something in the real world
 Data are sets of discrete objective facts,
presented without judgment or context
 The raw materials in the production of
information



Data, Information and Systems

 Information
 Data that have meaning within a context


 Data in relationships


 Data after manipulation



 Data become information when they are

categorized, analyzed, summarized and placed
in context, becoming intelligible to the
recipient.

Data, Information and Systems

Data Manipulation



 Example: Customer Survey


 Reading through data collected from a customer

survey with questions in various categories
would be time-consuming and not very
helpful.


 When manipulated, the surveys may provide

useful information
Data, Information and Systems

 Generating Information


 Computer-based Information System take data as

raw material, process it, and produce information
as output.

Data, Information and Systems

Information is Critical


 The information we have is not what we want,


 The information we want is not the information
we need

 The information we need is not available.

Data, Information and Systems

 Why need Information?



 To ensure effective and efficient decision –

making leading to prosperity of the
Organization.

Data, Information and Systems

 The Four Stages of Data Processing


 Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.


 Data processing: Data is manipulated into

information using mathematical, statistical, and
other tools.

 Output: Information is displayed or presented.


 Feedback: Output that is used to make changes to
input or processing activities

 Data, Information and Systems

 University


 Inputs: Students, Faculty, Textbooks

 Processes: Education/Courses
 Output: graduates
 Feedback: surveys, grades
 Data, Information and Systems

Toyota Plant


 Inputs: raw materials, components

 Processes: assembly line
 Output: mini-vans
 Feedback: customer surveys, quality reports
Data, Information and Systems

 What is a system?


 A set of components that interact to accomplish goals



 What is an IS?
 A set of interrelated components that collect input,
process, and output data and information and
provide a feedback/control mechanism


 What is a MIS?
 An IS that uses IT. Components: hardware, software,
databases, networks, people, procedures
Historic Development AI
Artificial Intelligence
KS/ES
Knowledge / Expert System
ESS
Executive Support System
DSS
Decision Support System
MIS
Management Information System
OAS
Office Automation System
TPS
Transaction Processing System
 Management Information System

 The three sub-components – MIS

 - together bring out the focus clearly & effectively.


 System emphasizing a fair degree of Integration and a

holistic view


 Information stressing on processed data in the context in

which it is used by the end user


 Management focusing on the ultimate use of such

information systems for managerial decision making

Management Information System
Management Information System
Operational Level


 Information System which monitors the
elementary activities and transaction of the
organization.
 Transaction Processing System Eg.
 Operational Level System


 Sales & Marketing

 Order Tracking & Order Processing
 Manufacturing
 Plant Scheduling & Material Movement Control
 Finance
 Securities Trading & Cash Management
 Accounting
 Payroll, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable
 Human Resource
 Compensation Training & Development & employee record
keeping
Knowledge Level System

 Information System that support knowledge

and data workers in an organization
Knowledge Level System Eg.

 Engineering Workstation & Word Processing


 Graphic Workstation & Document Imaging

 Managerial Workstation & Electronic Calendars

Management Information System

Management Level System



 Information System which support the

monitoring controlling decision making and
administrative activities of middle
management.

 Management Information System
Eg.
Sales & Marketing
 Sales Management & Sales Region Analysis
Manufacturing

 Inventory Control & Production Scheduling

Finance

 Annual Budgeting & Cost Analysis

Accounting

 Capital Investment Analysis & Profitability/Pricing

Analysis
Strategic Level System

 Information System that supports the long

range planning activities of senior managers
Strategic Level System Eg.
Executive Support System


Sales & Marketing

 5 Year Sales trend forecast
Manufacturing

 5 Year operational plan

Finance

 5 Year budgeting forecast

Accounting

 Profit Planning
