Definition of Education

is defined as a preparation for

effective participation in social
relations
Is the consciously controlled
process whereby changes in behavior
are produced in the person and
through the person in the group..
Kinds of Education
Informal Education- Consist of learning
through interaction with others in the
group.
Non-formal Education- consist of sets
of definite learning goals and objectives.

Formal education- set of definite
objectives and goals reached through
systematized and formal instruction and
methods.

Access and Equity
A study of educational statistics and the
finding in the Joint Congressional
Commission to Study and Review Philippine
Education, popularly known as EDCOM,
show that while the educational system can
bring the children into the classroom,
these children are not around long enough
to educate. Only 65 out of 100 children
reached Grade IV, and slightly less finish
elementary education. By the time they
reach the fourth grade, 25 out of 100
children who entered grade 1 have already
dropped out of school and shall have
consequently reverted to illiteracy..
Education in Early Society
Education in simple societies is given
by the family, assisted by some elder
members of the community who are
called Specialist, namely magicians,
witchdoctors, shamans or priest.

The first schools were established in
China, Egypt, Babylonia, India,
Greece, and Rome.
Functions of Education
1. Transmit the cultural Heritage.

2. To help individual select social roles and to
train them for the roles they have chosen.

3. To integrate into the cultural mainstream
and various subcultures and identities.

4. To serve as a source of social and cultural
innovation.
Guidelines:
1. A careful planning of the subjects
and courses along with the necessary
facilities which the school, can provide.

2. The training of an adequate number
of people according to the demands of
certain specialized jobs.

3. Matching the talents and abilities
with the specialty so that each job is
filled by a person who is capable of
performing the work successfully.
Education in the Philippines
Educational systems reflects the
economic,political, social, and
religious value of the society

the coming of the western powers
brought about educational
practices that reflected the
ideologies of these colonizers and
the ideals inculcated represented
their culture.
Under the Spanish Crown
The objective of education under Spain
was to teach moral and religious
subjects through the medium of
Spanish language
Religion was the core of the curriculum
and the schools were used mainly to
spread Christianity
The schools were setup in the barrios
in the small thatched buildings called
Visitas. This served as chapel and
school house..
In the Visitas separate rooms were
provided for boys and girls. The
course of study was consisted of
reading alphabet and syllabic
method, sacred song, and music; a
little arithmetic and writing were
thought to the most advanced
student. The method of learning was
memorization and the punishment
meted out to those who didnt study
their lesson was whipping.
Higher education at that time placed
great emphasis on rearing the youth in
virtue and letters.the institution
established for this purposed are the
Royal College of San Jose(1605),and the
College of Sto. Tomas (1610),and
converted into a university in 1645.
There were secondary schools such as
Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Ateneo
Municipal and the theological seminaries
in Vigan, Manila, and Cebu.The educated
class was the gentle Ilustrado and most
people greatly aspired to belong to it.
Under the America
With the coming of the Americans in
1898 the emphasis on the spread of
Christianity and the transmission of the
Spanish culture shifted towards the
development of new social pattern that
would prepare the nation for a self
governing democracy.

The policy was to extend the system of
primary education to all, training
students for the duties of citizenship
and ordinary association in a civilized
community.
English was used as the medium of
communication.
The Educational Act. Of 1901 organized
the general system of public instruction
and also authorized the establishment
of private schools. The curriculum in
the primary level consisted of the
English language, arithmetic, geography,
singing, drawing, physical education,and
character training. Grammar and social
studies were included in the
intermediate grades
The Philippine System is a bureaucratic
structure under the supervision of the state
There are three coordinate
branches:
Bureau of elementary
education
Bureau of secondary
education.
Bureau of Higher education.

The educational act of 1982 incorporated all
the recommendations and findings of the
Presidential Commission to Study Philippine
Education (PCSPE), which was created by
President Ferdinand Marcos in 1969. The PCSPE
reported that the educational system then was
producing college graduates in excess of what
could be absorbed by the job market.
EDCOM Recommendation
The Joint Congressional Commission to
Study and Review Philippine Education , or
EDCOM was created in 1991 with the
mandate to carry out its task within 12
months.



Its findings showed that the quality of the
Philippine Education was continuously
declining.this was attribute to 2 principal
reasons:

Government was not investing enough
in our Education System

Our Education establishment was
poorly managed.
The EDCOM recommended more efficiency
and more productivity from both our
education budget and our education
establishment.
the development of alternative learning
modes, especially for the illiterate.
The use of the vernacular and Filipino
medium instruction for basic education.
The enlargement and enrichment of
technical and vocational education.
The restructuring of the Department of
Education.
Ensure that the best and most qualified
professionals become teachers and
administrators.

support Both private and public schools.
Involvement of private industry workers,
teachers, parents and the local government
in the planning delivering and financing of
education.
Ensuring that children of the poor have
greater access to all levels of education
making public tertiary education more
cost effective and circular programs more
relevant to the communities they serve.
Finding new sources of money to finance
basic education.
Elementary Education
The program for Decentralized Educational
Development, or PROCED, is a DECS
program assisted with a $100 M loan from
the World Bank. The PROCED formed part
of a 10-year development program for
elementary education, and purportedly with
the Following objectives:
Improve pupil achievement
Decreased drop out rates
Raise participation rates
Increase pupil-teacher ratio
The PROCED also had the following
components:

Improve of facilities (Physical)
Mass provision of instructional materials
(textbook).
Staff development for teacher as well as a
administrators.
Technical assistance such as fellowship
grants and consultancy services.
Special studies.
Vocational and Technical
Education
in recent years, technical and vocational
education in the Philippines has gained
Momentum.,there were already some 945
schools offering technical and vocational
courses, 333 of which were DECS
supervised and the remaining 612were
private school. The educational system of
the country must continue to turn up
graduates in these courses if it is to meet
the demands of the hob market, both local
and overseas, and thus help in the
government policy of attracting foreign
investments.
Trend in Education
DECS has initiated a number of
innovations like the in-school off-school
approach.
Continuous Progression scheme.
Bilingualism
.onset of Martial law
The Educational Development Decree
of 1972
The Philippine Constitution of 1987 in its
vision of a just and Humane society.
Different values promoted inculcated by
the Philippine educational system (peace)
Computerization.
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