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TRAIN LIGHTING
SYSTEM Of
Indian railway
coaches
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Train-Lighting is to provide
Electric Power for Light , Fan
and Air-Conditioning & other
Equipments in Railway Coaches
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Recommendation to
improve reliability
Provision of Skilled Man-power and
sufficient spares.
Provision of Pleasant working environment.
Demand for better services
Train Lighting system requires, no maintenance
between two successive POH of Coaches
Maintenance Free Service.

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T/L Systems
SELF GENERATING (SG) System
GENERATION -- 110Volt, 3-phase, 50 C/s
UTILIZATION --- 110Volt DC
MID ON GENERATION (MOG) System
GENERATION -- 415Volt, 3-phase, 50 C/s
UTILIZATION --- 110Volt DC
END-ON-GENERATING (EOG) System
GENERATION -- 415/750Volt, 3-phase, 50 C/s
UTILIZATION --- 415V, 3- phase,50Hz & 110V 1- phase,50Hz
HEAD-ON-GENERATION
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Arrangement
Each coach is equipped as an independent unit,
with a power generating equipment-called Brush
less Alternator:
1. 3.0/ 4.5 KW for SL
2. 18KW for ACII & IAC
3. 25/27.5 KW for ACII for BG Coaches
Driven by V-belt from coach axle pulley. The
alternator is coupled with a Rectifier and Regulator unit,
which provides 110 V,DC at various Speed of the train

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Arrangement
02 Nos. of Emergency Feed Terminal (EFT)
boxes are provided on each end wall for
extending the power from one coach to
adjacent coaches ,if required
The load is fed through rotatory switches
(RSW) & fuses to the connecting circuits
(L1,L2,F and SPM).
L1,L2 feed Lighting loads and & F- feeds
fan loads & SPM feeds Emergency Feed
Terminals.


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Arrangement
Lead Acid batteries are provided for
power supply during halt
1. 110V,120AH used for SL
2. 525AH for IAC
3. 800AH for ACII
4. 1100 AH for ACIII
A 25 KVA Inverter is provided for
3AC to run RMPU AC Equipments.

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Advantages of SG Coach
Each unit being the independent, can
work as slip coach.
In case of failure of generating
equipment in 1 or 2 coaches, power can
be drawn from adjacent coach by
means of cable connection.
Safe low voltage system.
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Disadvantages of SG
Coach
High initial cost
High maintenance cost & more
pilferage.
A large amount of locomotive power
goes for driving the Alternators

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SCHEME OF SG SYSTEM
(SLEEPER CLASS)

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Brush Less Alternator
Brush less alternators are governed by RDSO
specification No EL/TL/47 C for 4.5/ 03 kW
alternators.
Approved Manufactures
1. Kerala Electrical& Applied Engineering Industries (KEL).
2. Best & Compton (BEACON).
3. Stone India LTD(SIL)
4. HMTD Engineering
5. Compton Greaves LTD(CGL)

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Ratings
4.5 kW,120V for BG non-AC Coach
3.0 kW,120V for MG non-AC Coach
12.0 kW,120V for MG AC Coach
18.0 kW,120V for BG AC Coach
25/27.5 kW,130V Optimized for
BG AC Coach
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Specification
Rated Output -- 130Volt
Voltage Regulation --- + 4% at 800 to 1000 RPM(+ 5.2) & +
3% at1000-2500 RPM(+ 3.9)
Voltage Setting Range --- 120 to 140 Volts
Rated Current --- 193 Ampere
Over load Capacity (1Hr) --- 222 Ampere
Current Limiting --- 230 Ampere
Cut-In-Speed -- 400 RPM (22 KMPH of Train speed)
Minimum Speed for Full Output (MFO) --- 800 RPM9(22
KMPH of Train speed)
Maximum Speed --- 2500RPM(142 KMPH Train speed)
Class of Insulation H for alternator & F for Regulator

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Windings Arrangement
Stator accommodates 02 Sets of winding --
PHASE winding & FIELD winding.
Phase windings are distributed in small slots
& connected in Parallel STAR
Field windings are concentrated in the 2
bigger slots & connected in series.
Core of stator will retain a residual
magnetism, if excited once with battery.

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Operation
The Rotor resembles a cogged wheel having 12
sets of teeth and slots uniformly distributed on
the rotor surface.
This residual flux finds a path through rotor,
when rotor rotates, its teeth & slots, flux linked
with phase coil will vary.
This periodically variation induces ac voltage on
phase windings
The frequency of induced voltage depends on
speed of rotor. Magnitude depends on residual
flux and strengthen by +Ve feedback from induced
voltage.

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ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
1. Check the belt Tension and adjust if required.
2. Check the suspension bush and pin for free
movement or damage.
3. Check the suspension fixing arrangement.
4. Check the Terminal Box for water tightness
and loose connection.
5. Check whether the fasteners provided for the
safety chains are secured properly.

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RECTIFIER & REGULATOR UNIT
Function
1. Rectify 3-AC input to DC using Full
Wave Diode Rectifier
2. Regulate the generated voltage at the
set value.
3. Limiting the out-put current to the set
value.

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Major Equipments
1. POWER RECTIFIER 3-,Fullwave, protected against
transient surges by Capacitor.
2. VOLTAGE REGULATOR -- Induced voltage depends
on speed, excitation current & load current. It has 02 input
(+feedback) and 1output.
3. VOLTAGE DETECTOR -- Provides necessary error
signal for voltage regulation (Zener diode, Potential divider
and rheostat)
4. CURRENT DETECTOR -- Provides necessary error
signal for Current control.
5. OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION -- OVR is set at
150V DC it will over if voltage exceed 150V and open the
field circuit causing seizure of generation.

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MAINTENANCE
Check all the fasteners fixing the box to
the under frame are secured.
Check the connections and ensure
tightness
Check for proper anchoring of cables
through cable cleats.
Make sure that the covers are
watertight.
If gaskets and cleats are damaged
change them.

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25KVA THREE PHASE INVERTER
APPLICATION ---

1. Converts 110VDC power to 415VAC, 3-phase,
50Hz power, for supplying power to Compressor
and Fan Motors of Air Conditioners
2. The equipment is designed for under slung
mounting.
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25KVA THREE PHASE INVERTER
OPERATING PRINCIPLE---
The Input 110 Volt D C Voltage is boosted up
to 620V DC, then fed to a 3-Phase PWM
Sine-wave Inverter to get 3 - phase Output.
The three-phase output is passed through
harmonics filter.
The output is protected against short circuits
and overloads.


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110 V DC
CHOPPER UNIT
350 to750V DC
Wkg 620V DC
INVERTER UNIT
415V,AC,3-,WITH
FILTER CKT.
DC/DC CONVERTER 24 V
& 1 PCB FOR+15V, -- 15 V DC
BLOWER MOTOR,AC 3
--15V
+15V
TO SENSORS
Block Diagram
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SPECIFICATION OF SIEMENS MAKE 25 KVA
INVERTER
RATED SUPPLY VOLTAGE 90 to 140 VOLT DC
RATED INPUT CURRENT 250 AMPERE
RATED OUTOUT VOLTAGE 3 phase,3 wire,415 Volt +/- 3%
RATED OUTPUT FREQUENCY 50 Cycle per Second
RATED OUTPUT POWER FACTOR 0.8 Lag
RATED OUTPUT CURRENT 35 AMPERE
RATED OUTPUT POWER 25 KVA
EFFICIENCY 95 % AT Normal Working Point
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE RANGE -- 5 deg.C to 55 deg.C
COOLING MEDIUM Forced Air Cooling
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SAFETY & PRECAUTION DURING OPERATION
1. ENSURE PROPER DUCTING FOR COOLING FAN OUTLET.

2. ENSURE PROPER MOUNTING OF THE PANNEL TO AVOID
ANY SHOCKS & VIBRATIONS.

3. PREVENT WATER SEEPAGE INTO THE PANNEL.

4. DUST DEPOSITES INSIDE UNIT SHOULD BE CAREFULLY
REMOVED AT REGULAR INTERVALS ( AT LEAST ONCE IN
A 06 MONTHS)

5. DURING CONVERTER OPERATION ON LOAD,THE SUPPLY
SHOULD NOT BE DISCONNECTED.

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MID ON GENERATION SYSTEM
The Mid on Generation system was adopted for slow
moving passenger trains which had very low
generation.
These trains had one generator car in middle of
train, which is used to feed supply to coaches at both
sides.
The generator car coach had two DG sets of 30 kVA
each, out of which one was a standby, one 3 phase,
30 kVA step down transformer of 415/110 V.
The 110 V AC supply was supplied to coaches
through couplers.
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Advantages
1. System was most suitable for slow moving
branch line passenger trains.
2. Light and fan in all coaches had centralized
control in generator car coach.
3. Fan and lights were working on AC supply
4. There was no need for stand by batteries in
coaches hence lighter coaches and rakes also.
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Disadvantages
Smoke pollution and noise due to
working of Diesel Alternator (DA)
set

Requirement of an operator in each
generator car coach.
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