Skeletal muscle contraction

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restriction
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf
Nani Cahyani Sudarsono
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Fungsi utama otot sebagai penggerak tubuh melalui kontraksi serat
otot yang menghasilkan kekuatan/tegangan otot (muscle tension)
Anatomi mikroskopik otot hubungannya dengan 3 unit organisasi:
Konduksi sarkolema
Kontrol retikulum sarkoplasmik
Kontraksi miofibril
Dasar molekuler kontraksi otot: proses sliding of myofilaments
secara berulang pada keadaan cukup tersedia ATP dan ion Ca
Metabolisme kontraksi otot.
Jenis serat otot serta perannya dalam gerakan tubuh.
Pengendalian gerakan tubuh.
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muscle moves the body
through skeletal muscle contraction
that produce muscle tension
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Sarcomere
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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molecular basis of muscle
contraction:
repeated sliding of myofilaments at
sufficient ATP and Ca
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Muscle contraction animation:
San Diego State University College of Sciences
Based in part on
Color Atlas of Physiology, Agamemnon Despopoulos, Stefan Silbernagl
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. , 1991, New York
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/biology1_2/physiolect8.htm
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Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Metabolism for muscle
contraction
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Muscle Metabolism: Energy for
Contraction
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Energy for Contraction
Vander, Sherman, Luciano's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 9/e
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Energy for Contraction:
ATP & Phosphocreatine
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Muscle Proteins
(http://www.chemsoc.org/exemplarchem/entries/kscott/images/titin.gif)
(http://www.chemsoc.org/exemplarchem/entries/kscott/images/titin.gif)
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Dystrophin Function
Protein similarity
a-actinins
spectrins
Functional domains
amino terminus - 240 aa, binds F-actin
coiled-coiled rod - 2400 aa, longest section provides flexibility and elasticity
cysteine-rich - 280 aa, required for membrane attachment to b-dystroglycan
carboxy terminus - 420 aa, contains potential phosphorylation sites, binds to syntrophins
Function
mechanical reinforcement of sarcolemma (in skeletal muscle)
signal transduction (control of muscle fiber caliber and size)
anchor or stabilizer of dystroglycans and sarcoglycans
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2001-2004, E.C. Niederhoffer. All Rights Reserved.
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Metabolic Pathways
Glucose
glycolysis (TCA cycle)
glycogenolysis (TCA cycle)
Fatty acids
b-oxidation (TCA cycle)
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Metabolic Pathways
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Metabolic Pathways
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Metabolic Pathways
Nelson, D. L., and M. M. Cox. 2000. Lehninger principles of
biochemistry, 3rd ed., p. 604. Worth Publishers, New York.
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Role of Calcium
Muscle contraction
troponin C
Glycogen breakdown
calmodulin (activates phosphorylase b
kinase)
Citric acid cycle activation
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
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Role of Calcium
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Muscle fiber and its role in
movement
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Jenis serat otot serta perannya
dalam gerakan tubuh
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Fiber Contraction Speed:
Fast & Slow Twitch muscle fibers
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Glycogen?
Myoglobin?
Capillary?
Diameter?
<<
>>
>>
<<

Metabolism?
Myosin ATPase activity?
Time to develop max tension?
Ca
++
-ATPase activity in SR?
Contraction duration?
Endurance?
Use?
RED muscle fiber
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Glycogen?
Myoglobin?
Capillary?
Diameter?
>>
<<
<<
>>

Metabolism?
Myosin ATPase activity?
Time to develop max tension?
Ca
++
-ATPase activity in SR?
Contraction duration?
Endurance?
Use?
WHITE muscle fiber
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Pengendalian gerakan tubuh
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Control of movement
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Graded Muscle Responses
Graded muscle responses are:
Variations in the degree of muscle contraction
Required for proper control of skeletal
movement
Responses are graded by:
Changing the frequency of stimulation
Changing the strength of the stimulus
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Elaine N. Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
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Treppe: The Staircase Effect
Figure 9.16
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Elaine N. Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
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Stimulus Intensity and Muscle
Tension
Figure 9.15 (a, b)
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Elaine N. Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
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Recruitment of Fibers: Graduated Force
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Coordinating the Fibers:
Summation to Tetanus
Figure 12-17: Summation of contractions
Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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CROSS BRIDGE
POWER STROKE

GAYA MEKANIK
GERAKAN
TUBUH
KONTRAKSI OTOT
SARAF MOTORIK
FREKUENSI &
INTENSITAS
PERANGSANGAN