SOORYA.

R
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Reg.No.13978023

gravitational force

The force of attraction between all masses in the
universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass
for bodies near its surface; "the more remote the body
the less the gravity"; "the gravitation between two
bodies is proportional to the product of their masses
and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them"
Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the
universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to
the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between them. (Separately it was shown that large
spherically symmetrical masses attract and are attracted as if all their
mass were concentrated at their centers.) This is a general physical law
derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called
induction. It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in
Newton's work Philosophic Naturalist Principia Mathematic ("the
Principia"), first published on 5 July 1687. (When Newton's book was
presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that
Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him see History
section below.) In modern language, the law states the following:
Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing
along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the
product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them:
,
where:
F is the force between the masses,
G is the gravitational constant.
m
1
is the first mass,
m
2
is the second mass, and
r is the distance between the canters
of the masses.
Gravity Formula
by J ean Tate on February 26, 2010











The gravity formula that most people remember, or think of, is the equation which captures
Newtons law of universal gravitation, which says that the gravitational force between two objects
is proportional to the mass of each, and inversely proportional to the distance between them. It is
usually written like this (G is the gravitational constant):
F =Gm
1
m
2
/r
2

Another, common, gravity formula is the one you learned in school: the acceleration due to the
gravity of the Earth, on a test mass. This is, by convention, written as g, and is easily derived from
the gravity formula above (M is the mass of the Earth, and r its radius):
g = GM/r
2



SUMMERY
In 1687 Sir Isaac Newton first published his Philosophies
Naturalism Principia Mathematic (Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy) which was a radical treatment of
mechanics, establishing the concepts which were to
dominate physics for the next two hundred years. Among
the book's most important new concepts was Newton's
Universal Law of Gravitation. Newton managed to take
Keeper's Laws governing the motion of the planets and
Galileo's ideas about kinematics and projectile motion and
synthesize them into a law which governed both motion on
earth and motion in the heavens. This was an achievement
of enormous importance for physics; Newton's discoveries
meant that the universe was a rational place in which the
same principles of nature applied to all objects.