A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic - Refrigeration System Components

Refrigeration
System Components
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC005-EN
A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic
American Standard Inc. 1999
Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC005-EN American Standard Inc. 1999
Vapor-Compression Refrigeration
expansion
device
condenser
compressor
evaporator
period one
Refrigeration Cycle
Refrigeration
System Components
A
B
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
evaporator
Refrigeration Cycle
A
C
compressor
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
evaporator
Refrigeration Cycle
B
A
condenser
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
evaporator
Refrigeration Cycle
B
C
compressor
D
expansion
device
A
D
condenser
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
evaporator
Refrigeration Cycle
B
C
compressor
period two
Condensers
Refrigeration
System Components
subcooler
outdoor
air
condenser
coil
propeller
fan
Air-Cooled Condenser
A
D
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
B
C
Effect of Subcooling
A
I
{

subcooling
refrigeration
effect
D
I

Centrifugal Fan Air-Cooled Condenser
centrifugal
fan
condenser
coil
Evaporative Condenser
sump
pump
condenser
coil
refrigerant
vapor
subcooler
fan
liquid refrigerant
cooling water
subcooled, liquid
refrigerant
subcooler
Water-Cooled Condenser
hot, refrigerant vapor
85F
[29C]
95F
[35C]
Cooling Tower
sprays
from
condenser
to
condenser
sump
propeller
fan
outdoor
air
85F
[29C]
95F
[35C]
fill
Condenser Control
Condenser capacity is influenced by:
Temperature difference between refrigerant and
cooling media
Flow rate of cooling media through condenser
Flow rate of refrigerant through condenser
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
full load
condenser heat
rejection capacity
part load
full load
Condenser Capacity
part load
condenser heat
rejection capacity
Condensing Temperature Control
condenser
water pump
flow-regulating
valve
condenser
Vary Condenser Water Flow Rate
cooling tower
condenser
variable-speed
drive
condenser
cooling tower
bypass pipe
diverting
valve
cooling tower
condenser
variable-
speed
drive
condenser
cooling tower
bypass pipe
diverting
valve
Vary Entering Water Temperature
condenser
bypass pipe
cooling tower
Cooling Tower Bypass
diverting
valve
40F
[4C]
65F
[18C]
55F
[13C]
Air-Cooled Condenser Control
heat rejection capacity
c
o
n
d
e
n
s
e
r

a
i
r
f
l
o
w

fan A
fan B
fan A
damper
A B
Condenser Flooding Control
evaporator
compressor
liquid receiver
B
A
C
condenser
expansion
valve
discharge line
period three
Evaporators
Refrigeration
System Components
Finned-Tube Evaporator
refrigerant vapor
liquid/vapor
refrigerant
airflow
Turbulent Flow
Finned-Tube Evaporator
liquid/vapor
refrigerant
refrigerant vapor
liquid
distributor
airflow
suction
header
Superheat
superheat
{

A
C
B
A
C
B
Shell-and-Tube Evaporator
refrigerant
vapor
chilled
water
return
chilled
water
supply
tube bundle
baffles
liquid/vapor
refrigerant
Shell-and-Tube Evaporator
baffles
Evaporator Control
Evaporator capacity is influenced by:
Temperature difference between refrigerant and air or
water being cooled
Flow rate of air or water through evaporator
Flow rate of refrigerant through evaporator

Finned-Tube Evaporator Control
expansion
valve
refrigerant
vapor
evaporator
liquid
refrigerant
Face-Split Arrangement
distributors
Face-Split Arrangement
80F
[27C]
30F
[-1.1C]
55F
[13C]
80F
[27C]
Intertwined Arrangement
Row-Split Arrangement
Row-Split Arrangement
80F
[27C]
55F
[13C]
70F
[21C]
Shell-and-Tube Evaporator Control
refrigerant
vapor
liquid
refrigerant
expansion
valve
shell-and-tube
evaporator
period four
Expansion Devices
Refrigeration
System Components
Expansion Device
expansion
device
A
D
condenser
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
evaporator
B
C
compressor
Thermostatic Expansion Valve
thermostatic
expansion
valve (TXV)
liquid/vapor
mixture
refrigerant
vapor
evaporator
A
liquid
refrigerant
TXV Control
liquid/vapor
mixture
refrigerant
vapor
A
liquid
refrigerant
TXV Control
liquid/vapor
mixture
liquid
refrigerant
Superheat
superheated
vapor
TXV
290 psia, 109F
[2 MPa, 42.8C]
85 psia, 41F
[0.59 MPa, 5C]
A
liquid
refrigerant
Superheat
TXV
49F
[9.4C]
79 psia
[0.54 MPa]
290 psia, 109F
[2 MPa, 42.8C]
85 psia, 41F
[0.59 MPa, 5C]
TXV Operation
external equalizer
remote
bulb
evaporator
spring
suction
line
distributor
diaphragm
TXV Operation
valve pin
suction
line
spring
49F
[94C]
79 psia
[0.54 MPa]
97 psia
[0.67 MPa]
79 psia
[0.54 MPa]
18 psi
[0.13 MPa]
valve diaphragm
TXV Operation
TXV
external equalizer
remote
bulb
A B
C
Superheat Setting
Too little superheat:
Risk of damage to compressor by liquid refrigerant

Too much superheat:
Reduction of system efficiency
Potential of coil frosting
Risk of compressor damage due to overheating
period five
Accessories
Refrigeration
System Components
Solenoid Valve
Solenoid Valve
finned-tube
evaporator
solenoid
valves
expansion
valve
Solenoid Valve
solenoid
valve
expansion
valve
evaporator
liquid line
condenser
compressor
discharge
line
suction
line
Liquid-Line Filter Drier
solenoid
valve
expansion
valve
liquid-line
filter drier
evaporator
liquid line
Liquid-Line Filter Drier
replaceable
core type
sealed type
core
Moisture-Indicating Sight Glass
sight
glass
expansion
valve
liquid line
Suction Line Filter
suction
line filter
compressor
suction
line
Suction Line Filter
replaceable
core type
sealed type
Hot Gas Muffler
hot gas
muffler
reciprocating
compressor
discharge
line
shell
perforated tube
Shutoff Valve
shutoff
valve
shutoff
valves
liquid line
condenser
compressor
shutoff
valve
liquid-line
filter drier
evaporator
Access Port
liquid line
access port
suction line
access ports
condenser
compressor
evaporator
period six
Review
Refrigeration
System Components
ReviewPeriod One
expansion
device
A
D
condenser
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

enthalpy
evaporator
B
C
compressor
ReviewPeriod Two
air-cooled
condenser
water-cooled
condenser
evaporative
condenser
ReviewPeriod Three
finned-tube
evaporator
shell-and-tube
evaporator
ReviewPeriod Four
external equalizer
remote
bulb
evaporator
TXV
ReviewPeriod Five
sight
glass
solenoid
valve
access
port
shutoff
valve
TXV
condenser
evaporator
compressor
liquid-line
filter drier
suction
line filter

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