Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Fixed infrastructure network

Fixed infrastructure network has
Access points
base stations
gateways
these are networked together using switches,
hubs, routers.
the locations of these switches, hubs and
routers are fixed.

Fixed infrastructure network

Fixed infrastructure network
An example for fixed infrastructure network is
cellular network.
Fixed infrastructure network may not be useful
in operations like disaster relief.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)
MANET is a self configurable or self
organizing infrastructure less wireless ad-hoc
network of mobile nodes.
Each device has capability of switch or router.
when the devices in MANET are moved then
the network organization may be changed.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)

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B
C
D
E
F
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)

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B
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Properties of MANET
Property Description
Flexibility By having a set of nodes with limited wireless
communication range MANET can be established.
Data communication
through nearby node
and neighbour
discovery
In MANET a node can discover nearby node by using
service discovery protocol. Through the neighbouring
nodes it communicates to the remote node.
Peer-to-peer
connectivity
MANET nodes have peer to peer connectivity among
themselves.
Computations
decentralization
MANET nodes have independent computational,
switching, routing, communicational capabilities.
Limited wireless
connectivity range
The communication range for a MANET node can provide
only one near by node connectivity.
Week connectivity and
remote server latency
Failure of an intermediate node results in greater latency in
communicating with remote server.
Resource constraints Nodes in MANET have limited connectivity and
computational capabilities.
Properties of MANET
Property Description
No access point
requirement
No need of access points. Every node can act as a switch or
router
Diversity MANET nodes can be iPods, Smart phones, Palm held
computers, smart labels, automobile embedded systems
Protocol diversity MANET can use different protocols for node connectivity .
For example Bluetooth, Zigbee, 802.11, GSM, TCP/IP
Data caching, saving ,
aggregating
MANET node can perform data caching, saving,
aggregating.
Seamless interaction
and ubiquitous mobile
computing
Seamless connectivity can be maintained among nearby
nodes in MANETs.
Spectrum of MANETs
The range of frequencies deployed for
communication is called spectrum.
In MANET each wireless link provide limited
bandwidth.
Each node can have connection with only
nearby nodes. therefore the bandwidth
available to any node at any instant is variable.
Spectrum of MANETs

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G
C
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D
Applications of MANET
1.Content Distribution and Synchronization:
In an enterprise there are Bluetooth enabled
handheld devices, laptops, personal computers.
MANET can be used in an organization for
sharing a file, distributing the content and
some information dissemination.
2.Multicast Network:
In a multicast topology MANET nodes can
form a multicast network to disseminate data
packets.
Applications of MANET
3.Mesh networking and mobile service provider
network:
Mesh based mobile network offers highly
dynamic autonomous topology segments for data
services.
Mesh based networks have greater data packet
delivery.
Using PUMA(Protocol for Unified Multicasting
through Announcements) MANET nodes are
connected with each other and form Mesh
network.
Applications of MANET
4.Image acquisition, Processing, and Distribution
using MANET:





we can connect these devices in a MANET.
Wireless
Web Cam
Mobile device
connected to a digital
still camera
Mobile
Phone
Pocket PC equipped
with image
acquisition sensor
Applications of MANET
This can be used for
Remote view finder for security personnel
remote processing for video streaming
Image file sharing
Remote Controlling
Messaging and data transmission to remote
devices.

Routing and Routing Algorithms
The ad-hoc networks are deployed for routing ,
target detection, service discovery.
Dynamic source routing protocols
IT is a reactive protocol.
dynamically maintains routing addresses from
source to destination.
each node caches specified route to the
destination.
there are two phases of the protocol