King Fahd University of

Petroleum & Minerals

Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 11

Sir Isaac Newton
1642-1727
Proposed fundamental
laws that are the basis
of modern mechanics
3 laws of motion
law of gravitation
Newtons laws
Law of inertia a body in motion will stay in motion and a body at rest will
stay at rest unless acted upon by a net external force.

Law of force-acceleration A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration a that has the same direction as the force
and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force


Law of action-reaction for every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction mg = F
N

Law of gravitation - all bodies are attracted to one another with a force
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them.
2
2 1
r
m m
G F =
a m F =
13.2 The Equation of Motion


Free-Body diagram
(Force Diagram)
Kinetic diagram
(acceleration Diagram)

= a F m
13.3 Equation of Motion for a System of
Particles
i i i i
m
m
a f F
a F
= +
=

=
=
G
i i i
m
m
a F
a F
Internal forces cancel each other
13.4 Equations of Motion: Rectangular
Coordinates
When the net force is
projected to separate
coordinate axes the
Newtons second law
still holds

+ + = + +
=
) k j i ( k j i
a F
z y x z y x
a a a m F F F
m

=
=
=
z z
y y
x x
ma F
ma F
ma F

Free Body Diagram Method
Draw each object separately
Draw all the forces acting on that object
Get x and y components of all the forces to
calculate the net force
Apply Newtons second law to get
acceleration
Use the acceleration in any motion analysis
and establish a Kinetic Diagram
ma
Normal & Frictional Force
F
F
f
F
N
Action-Reaction forces
- mg = F
N
mg

Static Friction (
s
)
Static friction parallel force on the
surface when there is no relative motion
between the 2 objects
Static friction force can vary from zero to
Maximum

The coefficient of static friction
is material dependent.

Static
F
f
=
s
F
N
Dynamic
F
f
=
k
F
N
Applied external force
F
r
i
c
t
i
o
n


Kinetic Friction (
k
)
Kinetic friction parallel force on the
surface when there is relative motion
between the 2 objects
Kinetic friction force is always the same

The coefficient of Kinetic friction
is material dependent.

N k
F F
f
=
Static
F
f
=
s
F
N
Dynamic
F
f
=
k
F
N
Applied external force
F
r
i
c
t
i
o
n

Spring Force
Spring force


k : spring stiffness (N/m)
s : stretched or
compressed length
ks F
s
=
o
l l s =
o
l
l
s
m = 2 kg
y = 1m
smooth
a = ?
ma F mg
s
= u sin
| = =
= = = =
2
21 9 sin
9 0 53 cos x 5 . 0 x 3 cos cos
m/s .
m
ks
g a
N . ks F N
s
c
ma
=
Example 13-4
0 cos = + u s c F N
= =
= + =

13 53
75 0
1
tan
5 0 75 0 75 0 1
1
2 2
.
.

m . . . S
=
x
y mg
N
N
k

Problem
N N
N
369
0 20 cos 81 . 9 40
=
=
; 0 =
y
F

=
x x
ma F
ma mg N
k
= u sin
0 cos = u mg N
2
/ 66 . 5
40 20 sin 81 . 9 40 ) 369 ( 25 . 0
s m a
a
x
x
=
=
a = ?
Example 13-5
m
A
= 3 kg
m
B
= 5 kg
From rest
v
B
= ? In 2 second

= +
y y
ma F
A
a T 3 2 981 =
Block A

= +
y y
ma F
B
a T 5 2 . 196 =
Block B
l s s
B A
= + 2 0 2 = +
B A
u u 0 2 = +
B A
a a
t a
B o
+ =u u
Same
Same

should be


V
A
= ?

2S
c
+ S
A
= L
0 = 2a
c
+ a
A
a
A
= -2a
c

=
c a
c
c
x
y
a mg T N ma F
N N N F
200 30 sin 2 5 . 0 :
1699 0 30 cos 81 . 9 * 200 : 0
= + =
= = =

Problem
mg
A ma
) / ( 62 . 4 2 s m s a V
A A
= =
) 2 ( 125 25 . 1226
125 81 . 9 * 125
=
= =

A
A A
a T
a T ma Fy
=
N T s m a s m a
a a
a a
a a
A
A
A
c
c c
c
c
1004 ) / ( 777 . 1 ) / ( 888 . 0
500 200
250 200 622
200 981 ) 125 25 . 1226 ( 2 5 . 849
) 1 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= = =
+ =
=
= +

Review
Example 13.1
Example 13.2
Example 13.3
Example 13.4