AERODYNAMICS IN

CARS
By,
Kamalpreet Singh
ROLL NO : 2911442
ME
INTRODUCTION
The aerodynamics word comes from two Greek
words: aerios, concerning the air, and dynamis,
which means force.

Study of forces generated by motion of air on
moving body.

When objects move through air, forces are
generated by the relative motion between air
and surfaces of the body, study of these forces
generated by air is called aerodynamics.
HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF
AERODYNAMICS IN CARS
DESIGNS IN EARLY 20
th
CENTURY :
cars with low speeds, no aerodynamic problems.


CARS IN THE EARLY 50s :
cars designed for big familys , complete negligence
of aerodynamics.


CARS AFTER 70s :
fuel crisis , need of economic designs , evolution of
aerodynamics.
A = frontal area, b = wheelbase, C
D
= drag coefficient

AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON A BODY
LIFT
(DOWNFORCE)

DRAG

WEIGHT

THRUST





Lift
It is the sum of all fluid dynamic forces on a body
normal to the direction of external flow around the
body.
Lift is caused by Bernoullis effect which states that
air must flow over a long path in order to cover the
same displacement in the same amount of time.
This creates a low pressure area over the long
edge of object as a result a low pressure region is
formed over the aerofoil and a high pressure region
is formed below the aerofoil, it is this difference in
pressure that creates the object to rise

F=(1/2)C
L
dV
2
A
Where :

C
L
= Coefficient of Lift, dependent on the specific geometry of the
object, determined experimentally

d= Density of air

V=Velocity of object relative to air,

A=Cross-sectional area of object, parallel to wind

Drag

It is the sum of all external forces in the
direction of fluid flow, so it acts opposite
to the direction of the object.
In other words drag can be explained as
the force caused by turbulent airflow
around an object that opposes the
forward motion of the object through a
gas or fluid.
F=(1/2)C
D
dV
2
A
where:
C
D
= Coefficient of Drag, dependent on the specific
geometry of the object, determined experimentally.

d= Density of air.

V=Velocity of object relative to air.

A= cross section of frontal area.

COEFFICIENT OF DRAG
Drag = 1/2xd x Cd x A Xv
2

Measure of aerodynamic
efficiency.



Weight
It is actually just the weight of the object
that is in motion.i.e. the mass of the object
multiplied by the magnitude of
gravitational field.

This weight has a significant effect on the
acceleration of the object.
Thrust
When a body is in motion a drag force i.e.
called Thrust is created which opposes
the motion of the object .

Thrust is a reaction force explained by
Newtons second and third laws.
AERODYNAMIC IN CARS PARTS
AND DEVICES


WINGS &
SPOILERS

NACA DUCTS

FRONT END

REAR END

SCOOPS

FRONT END

FRONTAL PRESSURE
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
MINIMISE FRONTAL AREA

REAR END
REAR VACUM
FLOW DETACHEMENT
TURBULANCE

Scoops
Scoops, or positive pressure intakes, are useful
when high volume air flow is desirable and almost
every type of race car makes use of these devices.
ENGINE COOLING
INCREASESFLOW
RATE OF AIR

Spoilers
Spoilers are used primarily on sedan-type race
cars.

They act like barriers to air flow, in order to build
up higher air pressure in front of the spoiler.
Wings
Wings perform very efficiently, generating lots of
down force And up force for a small penalty in
drag.
Spoiler are not nearly as efficient, but because of
their practicality and simplicity, spoilers are used
a lot on sedans.
NACA Ducts
NACA stands for "National Advisory Committee
for Aeronautics". NACA is one of the
predecessors of NASA

The purpose of a NACA duct is to increase the
flowrate of air through it while not disturbing the
boundary layer.
Methods to evaluate
aerodynamics in cars
WIND TUNNELS
Research tool to study effect of air moving over a solid
object.
Trial and error process.
Special pressure paints for analysis.
Detailed analysis of air flow patterns.
Analyzing for the optimal design.



Software's
ANSYS, CATIA,ALIAS STUDIO
ANALYZE CHANGES DURING DESIGN PHASE AND
DEVELOPMENT
REDUCES TIME TO DEVELOP OPTIMAL DESIGN
ABLE TO STUDY INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS, MORE EFFECTIVE



WHY WE NEED TO IMPROVE
AERODYNAMICS IN CARS
SPEED
better aerodynamics higher will be the speeds.

FUEL EFFICIENCY
better aerodynamics , less work for engine.


CONCLUSION


Earlier cars were poorly designed with heavy
engines , protruding parts and rectangular
Shapes due to which they consumed large
quantities of fuel and and became unaffordable
all theses factors lead to the development and
need of aerodynamics in the design of cars now
it would be fair to say that all most all cars are
tested for getting the optimum aerodynamic
configuration.

THANK YOU