PART I I

HYDRAULIC AND
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
PASCALS TALE
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
TO SIMPLIFY THE CONCEPTS OF HYDRAULIC
AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS FITTED IN
AIRCRAFT.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
LEARNING/ RECAPPING COMPONENTS OF
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS.

LEARNING ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.

LEARNING ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
LEARNING/ RECAPPING COMPONENTS OF
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS.

LEARNING ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.

LEARNING ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS.
PREVIOUS LECTURE TIE-IN
LEARNT USE OF HYDRAULIC PRESSURE.

GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PARTS OF
A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.
APPLI CATI ONS
SERVI CES
COMPONENTS
ADVANTAGES
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS
HEAVY
MACHINERY

APPLICATIONS
HEAVY
MACHINERY
CAR BRAKES


APPLICATIONS
HEAVY
MACHINERY
CAR BRAKES
LOWRIDER
CARS

APPLICATIONS
SUPPLY
PRIMARY
EMERGENCY
SECONDARY
UTILITY


MAIN SERVICES
PRIMARY SUPPLY
+

EMERGENCY
SUPPLY
SECONDARY
SUPPLY
UTILITY SUPPLY
UTILITY SERVICES
MAIN SERVICES
ELEVATORS
AILERONS
RUDDER
SPOILERS
AIR BRAKE
FLAPS
UTILITY SERVICES
RAMP
STEERING
UNDER-
CARRIAGE
WHEEL
BRAKES
UTILITY
SUPPLY
PROBLEMS FACED

HIGH
PRESSURE
HIGH TEMP

NO LEAKS.
SEALS.
NO CONTAMINATION.

INCOMPRESSIBLE.
NO AIR.
AIR IN SYSTEM
AIR IN SYSTEM
TEMPERATURE

AIR IN SYSTEM
TEMP
PRESSURE

AIR IN SYSTEM
TEMP
PRESSURE
MOVEMENT

COMPONENTS
PRIMARY
EMERGENCY
SECONDARY
UTILITY


COMPONENTS
RESERVOIR
PUMP
ACCUMULATOR
FILTER
NRVs


COMPONENTS
RESERVOIR
PUMP
ACCUMULATOR
FILTER
NRVs


BIG ENOUGH
TO HOLD FLUID
REMOVAL OF
AIR
COOLING
BAFFLES
APPLY
PRESSURE

RELIEVE
PRESSURE


RESERVOIR
PUMPS
FLUID DRAWN IN
FLUID
PUSHED OUT
10 AXIAL
PISTON AND
CYLINDERS

PUMPS
CONSTANT
DISPLACEMENT

PUMPS
SELF
REGULATING
PUMPS
HAND PUMPS
ACCUMULATOR
ABSORBS SHOCKS
AND SUDDEN
CHANGES IN FLUID
PRESSURE
SMOOTHES OUT
PRESSURE RIPPLES
CAUSED BY PUMP
OPERATION AND
USE IN JACKS
MAINTAIN
PRESSURE WHEN
PUMP FAILS TO
OPERATE


VALVES
NON RETURN
VALVES
PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVES


CONTROL VALVE
ROTARY
CONTROL
VALVE

ROTARY CONTROL VALVE
ROTARY CONTROL VALVE
CONTROL VALVE
LINEAR
CONTROL
VALVE

LINEAR CONTROL VALVE
LINEAR CONTROL VALVE
MISCELLANEOUS
FILTERS.

HEAT EXCHANGERS AND
TEMPERATURE WARNING
SYSTEMS.

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL.

JACKS AND MOTORS.


ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULICS
INSTANTANEOUS ACTION.

SYSTEM IS RELIABLE, COMPACT & EASY TO
MAINTAIN.

LONGER LOADS CAN BE MOVED EASILY WITH
VERY LITTLE EFFORT ON SIDE OF PILOT.

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULICS
GEARING FOR DIFFERENT LOADS CAN BE
ACHIEVED EASILY BY CHANGING PISTON
AREA.

HYDRAULIC FLUID ALSO ACTS AS A
LUBRICATION FOR MOVING PARTS.

DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULICS
INABILITY TO STORE PRESSURE.

TEMPERATURE AND AERATION.

CONTAMINATION.

FLAMMABILITY SKYDROL vs. OM-15

HAZARDOUS LIQUID.

HAZARDS
HIGH PRESSURE
TOXIC NATURE


APPLI CATI ONS
COMPONENTS
ADVANTAGES
DI SADVANTAGES
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
APPLICATIONS OF PNEUMATICS
PRESSURE ENERGY STORAGE.

COMPRESSION.

PRESSURE ENERGY TRANSFER.

HEAT ENERGY TRANSFER.
PRESSURE ENERGY
STORAGE
FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS

PRESSURE ENERGY
STORAGE
FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS
LIFE RAFTS

PRESSURE ENERGY
STORAGE
FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS
LIFE RAFTS
HYDRAULIC
BACKUP

COMPRESSION
SHOCK
ABSORBERS


COMPRESSION
SHOCK
ABSORBERS

SEAL
INFLATION
PRESSURE ENERGY
TRANSFER
AUGMENTED
LIFT DEVICES

PRESSURE ENERGY
TRANSFER
AUGMENTED
LIFT DEVICES

PRESSURE ENERGY
TRANSFER
AUGMENTED
LIFT DEVICES
AIR STARTERS

HEAT ENERGY
TRANSFER
AIR
CONDITIONING

HEAT ENERGY
TRANSFER
AIR
CONDITIONING
ICE
PROTECTION

COMPONENTS OF PNEUMATICS
COMPRESSOR.
RELIEF VALVE.
GROUND CHARGING VALVE.
ANTI-FREEZE.
OIL AND WATER TRAP.
REGULATING VALVE.
AIR BOTTLES.
COMPONENTS OF PNEUMATICS
ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATICS
SIMPLICITY OF DESIGN AND CONTROL.

AIR ALREADY AVAILABLE FROM THE PROPULSION
SYSTEM AT A HIGH TEMP & PRESSURE. SO COST
EFFECTIVE.

RELIABILITY.
LONG OPERATING LIVES.
LITTLE MAINTENANCE.
BECAUSE GAS IS COMPRESSIBLE, LESS SUBJECT TO SHOCK
DAMAGE.
COMPRESSED GAS CAN BE STORED, SO MACHINES STILL
RUN FOR A WHILE IF ELECTRICAL POWER IS LOST.

ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATICS
LIGHTER AND CLEANER.
USED AIR CAN BE DISCHARGED TO THE ATMOSPHERE.
HENCE SPACE AND WEIGHT EFFICIENT.
NO RETURN PIPELINES REQUIRED.

SAFETY.

CAN BE USED IN HIGH TEMP HIGH PRESSURE
SYSTEMS, AS AIR IS NON-INFLAMMABLE.
AFTERBURNERS.
LIMITATIONS OF PNEUMATICS
LIMITED POWER.

DIFFICULT TO MAKE AIRTIGHT JOINTS.

DIFFICULT TO TRACE LEAKS.

DOES NOT PROVIDE ANY INTERNAL LUBRICATION.

APPLI CATI ONS OF HYDRAULI C AND
PNEUMATI C SYSTEMS.

ADVANTAGES AND DI SADVANTAGES
OF HYDRAULI C AND PNEUMATI C SYSTEMS.

ROLE OF COMPONENTS
OF HYDRAULI C AND PNEUMATI C SYSTEMS.








MUST KNOW
CONSTRUCTI ON OF COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULI C
SYSTEMS.

PROBLEMS FACED I N A HYDRAULI C SYSTEM.



SHOULD KNOW

HENRY S LAW, DALTON S LAW, CAVI TATI ON.
COULD KNOW
QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS
BAFFLES ARE USED IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR
(PREVENTING SURGES/ LEAKS/ EVAPORATION LOSS)

IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, RESERVOIR IS USED FOR
__________________, _______________ AND _______.

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM (LACKS/PROVIDES) INSTANTANEOUS
ACTION AND IS (HIGHLY/NOT SO) EFFICIENT AT TRANSMITTING
POWER.

THERMAL RELIEF VALVE ARE FITTED IN HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
TO RELIEVE EXCESS PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE DUE TO
THERMAL EXPANSION AND ARE SENSITIVE TO
PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE.
QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS
BAFFLES ARE USED IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR
(PREVENTING SURGES/ LEAKS/ EVAPORATION LOSS)

IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, RESERVOIR IS USED FOR
STORING THE FLUID, REMOVAL OF AIR AND COOLING.

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM (LACKS/PROVIDES) INSTANTANEOUS
ACTION AND IS (HIGHLY/NOT SO) EFFICIENT AT TRANSMITTING
POWER.

THERMAL RELIEF VALVE ARE FITTED IN HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
TO RELIEVE EXCESS (PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE) DUE TO
THERMAL EXPANSION AND ARE SENSITIVE TO
(PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE).
QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS
________________________ IS SOMETIMES INCORPORATED TO
EQUALISE THE PRESSURE OF THE AIR IN THE HYDRAULIC
RESERVOIR.

WHAT TYPE OF GAS IS USED TO INFLATE LIFE SAVING
JACKETS?

A MILKY APPEARANCE IN THE SIGHT GLASS OF THE
HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR IS AN INDICATION OF ____________.


QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE IS SOMETIMES INCORPORATED TO
EQUALISE THE PRESSURE OF THE AIR IN THE HYDRAULIC
RESERVOIR.

WHAT TYPE OF GAS IS USED TO INFLATE LIFE SAVING
JACKETS?

A MILKY APPEARANCE IN THE SIGHT GLASS OF THE
HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR IS AN INDICATION OF ____________.


QUESTIONS TO THE CLASS
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE IS SOMETIMES INCORPORATED TO
EQUALISE THE PRESSURE OF THE AIR IN THE HYDRAULIC
RESERVOIR.

WHAT TYPE OF GAS IS USED TO INFLATE LIFE SAVING
JACKETS?

A MILKY APPEARANCE IN THE SIGHT GLASS OF THE
HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR IS AN INDICATION OF AIR IN SYSTEM.


CONCLUSION
?