Load shedding in Pakistan

Reasons & Remedies

February 9, 2009
By
Muhammad Ziauddin
Organization
Historical Background
Load duration curve
Capacity, capability & availability
Shortage
Reasons
Remedies / Suggestions
Historical Background
Pre 1994 era
Sever load shedding
Post 1994 era
Surplus power in the system
2002 Power Policy
Lengthy procedure
Approval of feasibility
Tariff negotiation & approval
Security packages
High load growth
Current Situation
Supply / Demand Balance
Load duration curve
Capacity, Capability and Availability
Demand
Supply



Power Supply/Demand Balance
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Year
D
e
m
a
n
d
/
S
u
p
p
l
y

(
M
W
)
Demand
Supply
Load Duration Curve
18th August 2007
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
010002000300040005000600070008000900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002100220023002400
Time in hrs
L
o
a
d

i
n

M
W
Computed System Demand Actual Load Supplied Actual Availability
Load Duration Curve
21st August 2008
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
18,000
0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400
Time in hrs
L
o
a
d

i
n

M
W
Computed System Demand Actual Load supplied Acutal Availability
Load Duration Curve
10th January 2007
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
010002000300040005000600070008000900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002100220023002400
Time in hrs
L
o
a
d

i
n

M
W
Computed System Demand Actual Load Supplied Actual Availability
Load Duration Curve
23rd January 2008
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
010002000300040005000600070008000900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002100220023002400
Time in hrs
L
o
a
d

i
n

M
W
Computed System Demand Actual Load supplied Acutal Availability
Reasons
Late finalization of 2002 power policy
Late initiation of new projects
Long processing time
Not soliciting new power plants
Reliance of unsolicited proposal
WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants
Private sector started taking advantages
Availability of machines in the international market


Reasons (contd)
No serious efforts on effeciency improvement and energy
conservation
Time of day metering system is not up to its strength
Hydropower not comming up
Small hydro power plants are not being taken up by
WAPDA
Closure of some IPP & WAPDAs power plants
Not payment of fuel bills to fuel suppliers



Reasons (contd)
International investors are not comming with enthusiasm
International recession
Governace issue
No serious efforts to exploit alternative energy resources
Huge reserve of coal is not being used
Issues
Most of the new thermal power plants are based on fuel oil
Cost of electricity generations
Fuel imports major implecations on forx reseve
Volatility of crude oil prices
Fuel transporation and import infrastructure
Road / railway network
Port facilities



Issues (contd)
Gas is not available for new power plants
Un efficient energy useage
No incentive from the government to develop alternative
energy resources
Rental power plant is sucidal

Remedies / Suggestions
Development of alternative energy
The Regulator should be linient in tariff for wind and solar power plants
Manufacturing facility for wind and solar power plants be encouraged by
the government
Coal should be used for power generation including imported Coal
Thermal power plants should be installed by WAPDA in parllel to IPPs
More emphasis should be on energy conservation and efficiency
improvement






Remedies / Suggestions (contd)
Time of day tariff should be implemented in all catagories of
consumers
A digonostic study should be conducted for oil
transporatation infrastructure and port facilities
Captive power plant should brougt on bar
Industrial sector should be encouraged to install their own
power plants and surplus should be purchased by WAPDA
at a competitive price
Thanks