Flat slabs are being used mainly in office buildings due to reduced formwork cost, fast excavation, and easy installation. Flat SLAB system possesses many advantages in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork, and shorter construction time. Post-tenssioning is one of the key aspects of successful planning as IT most markedly affects the time to completion of a turn-key project.
Flat slabs are being used mainly in office buildings due to reduced formwork cost, fast excavation, and easy installation. Flat SLAB system possesses many advantages in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork, and shorter construction time. Post-tenssioning is one of the key aspects of successful planning as IT most markedly affects the time to completion of a turn-key project.
Flat slabs are being used mainly in office buildings due to reduced formwork cost, fast excavation, and easy installation. Flat SLAB system possesses many advantages in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork, and shorter construction time. Post-tenssioning is one of the key aspects of successful planning as IT most markedly affects the time to completion of a turn-key project.
By :- Vaghasiya Bhadresh :- 201304101310003 Guided by Mr. Hiten Kheni
1 CONTENTS :- INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES References 2 -INTRODUCTION :- FLAT SLAB :- -Although the introduction of Reinforced Concrete flat slab floors is a significant advancement in the building technology, historical literature on their development is ambiguous. Up to 1910- 1911 slab, beam and girder system reigned supreme but at this time the girderless floors sometimes called as Mushroom slab, which is also known as flat slab begin to build. -Claud A. P. Turner was one of the early advocates of flat slab system known as mushroom system. About 1908, flat slab began and recognized as acceptable floor system. C.A.P. Turner constructed flat slabs in U.S.A. in 1906 mainly using intuitive and conceptual ideas, which was start of this type of construction.
3 -Flat slabs are being used mainly in office buildings due to reduced formwork cost, fast excavation, and easy installation. Flat slab system possesses many advantages in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork, and shorter construction time. NECESSITY OF FLAT SLABS -Architectural demand for better illumination, lesser fire resistance of sharp corners present in the form of beams, increase in the formwork cost, optimum use of space leads to the new concept in the field of structural engineering as Reinforced concrete flat slabs. 4 POST-TENSIONING:- -One of the key aspects of successful planning is the constructability of the building. This is of paramount importance for the success of the project since constructability most markedly affects the time to completion of a turn-key project and thus the final cost to the owner. -Because the major part of the total cost of large developments is financing cost rather than actual construction cost, the completion time is often a more important consideration than material consumption. -If we see the total cost of the building, only the structural cost is about 30 to 50% of the total construction cost and on the other hand more than half of the structural cost is labour cost, related mainly to formwork. 5 -The time required constructing one floor and the time required for the commencement of fit-out work such as electrical and mechanical services, suspended ceilings and decorating, are major factors influencing the time to completion of the building. -These considerations demonstrate that the optimization of the floor framing with regard to weight, structural depth and constructability goes a long way towards successful planning. -As the floor system plays an important role in the overall cost of a building, a post-tensioned floor system is invented which reduces the time for the construction and finally the cost of the structure. -In some countries, including the U.S., Australia, South Africa, Thailand and India, a great number of large buildings have been successfully constructed using post-tensioned floors. 6 -The reason for this lies in its decisive technical and economical advantages. The most important advantages offered by post- tensioning systems are as follows - By comparison with reinforced concrete, a considerable saving in concrete and steel since, due to the working of the entire concrete cross-section more slender designs are possible. Smaller deflections compared to with steel and reinforced concrete structures. Good crack behavior and therefore permanent protection of the steel against corrosion. Almost unchanged serviceability even after considerable overload, since temporary cracks close again after the overload has disappeared. High fatigue strength, since the amplitude of the stress changes in the prestressing steel under alternating loads are quite small. 7 If a significant part of the load is resisted by post-tensioning the non- prestressed reinforcement can be simplified and standardized to a large degree. Furthermore, material handling is reduced since the total tonnage of steel (non-prestressed + prestressed) and concrete is less than for a Reinforced Concrete floor. Assembling of precast elements by post-tensioning avoids complicated reinforcing bar connections with insitu closure pours, or welded steel connectors, and thus can significantly reduce erection time. Usually the permanent floor load is largely balanced by draped post- tensioning tendons so that only the weight of the wet concrete of the floor above induces flexural stresses. These are often of the same order as the design live load stresses. Hence back-propping of one floor below is usually sufficient. Post-tensioning usually balances most of the permanent loads thus significantly reducing deflections and tensile stresses. The P/A stress provided by post-tensioning may prevent tensile stresses causing the floor to crack. 8 -OBJECTIVES :- To understand the flat slab structures To understand the Post-tensioning methods To analyse & design the flat slab manually by using standards and by STAAD.Pro software To analyse & design the PT-flat slab by using STAAD.Pro software Moment comparision for flat slab from data by manual and software Moment comparision for flat slab & PT-flat slab from data by software Cost comparison between flat slab & PT-flat slab Graphical representation for cost comparision 9 REFERENCES :- Amy Reineke Trygestad, Post-Tensioning Opening for Two-Way Flat Plate Construction, Portland Cement Association, October 2005. Post-Tensioned Concrete Floors in Multi-storey Buildings - By A. M. Stevenson. Post-Tensioned Slabs Published by VSL International Ltd. (4.2 VSL report series). Post-Tensioned in Buildings Published by VSL International Ltd. (4.1 VSL report series). IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete, - Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.