Contents

1 Goals
2 Timeline
3 Phase 1
3.1 Technologies
3.2 NVVN Solar PV allotment process
for Phase 1
4 Domestic content controversy
Goals

Solar Resource Map of India
The objective of the National Solar Mission is to
establish India as a global leader insolar energy, by creating
the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as
quickly as possible. The immediate aim of the Mission is to
focus on setting up an enabling environment for solar
technology penetration in the country both at a centralized
and decentralized level. The first phase (up to 2013) will
focus on capturing of the low hanging options in solar
thermal; on promoting off-grid systems to serve populations
without access to commercial energy and modest capacity
addition in grid-based systems. In the second phase, after
taking into account the experience of the initial years,
capacity will be aggressively ramped up to create conditions
for up scaled and competitive solar energy penetration in the
country.
Timeline
The Mission under the aegis of Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy
[5]
will adopt a
3-phase approach, spanning the remaining
period of the 11th Plan and first year of
the 12th Plan (up to 2012-13) as Phase 1,
the remaining 4 years of the 12th Plan
(201317) as Phase 2 and the 13th Plan
(201722) as Phase 3. At the end of each
plan, and mid-term during the 12th and
13th Plans, there will be an evaluation of
progress, review of capacity and targets
for subsequent phases, based on emerging
cost and technology trends, both domestic
and global. The aim would be to protect
Government from subsidy exposure in
case expected cost reduction does not
materialize or is more rapid than
expected.
Phase 1
The first phase of this mission aims to
commission 1000MW of grid-
connected solar power projects by 2013.
The implementation of this phase is in
hands of a subsidiary of National Thermal
Power Corporation, the largest power
producer in India. The subsidiary, NTPC
Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd (NVVN),
[6]
laid
out guidelines for selection of developers
for commissioning grid connected solar
power projects in India. See JNNSM Phase
1 Guidelines. While NVVN is the public
face of this phase, several other
departments and ministries will play a
significant role in formulating guidelines.
NVVN will sign power purchase
agreements with the developers. Since
NVVN is not a utility, it will sell purchased
power to different state utilities via
separate agreements.
Technologies
For Phase 1 projects, NVVN started with a
proposal for 50:50 allocation towards solar
PV and solar thermal. The latter is quite ambitious
given India has no operational solar thermal
projects and less than 10MW of solar PV projects.
While growing at a rapid pace lately, solar thermal
technologies are still evolving globally. The first
batch of projects allotted for Phase 1 included
150MW of Solar PV and 500MW of Solar Thermal.
NVVN issued Request for Selection document
outlining criteria for selection of projects under
the Phase 1. See Solar Thermal RFS, Solar PV RfS
A growing solar PV industry in India is hoping to
take off by supplying equipment to power project
developers. Well known equipment manufacturers
started increasing their presence in India and may
give competition to local Indian manufacturers.
Due to generally high temperatures in
India, crystalline silicon-based products are not
the most ideal ones. Thin filmtechnologies
like amorphous silicon, CIGS and CdTe could be
more suitable for higher temperature situations.
Solar thermal technology providers barely have a
foothold in India. A few technology providers
like Abengoa
[7]
have some Indian presence in
anticipation of demand from this mission.
NVVN Solar PV allotment
process for Phase 1
NVVN issued Request for Selection notice for allotment of
capacity to Independent Power Producers (IPPs). See NVVN
Solar PV RfS. 150MWs of Solar PV and 470MW of Solar Thermal
were up for allotment under the first batch of Phase 1 projects.
Project size per IPP was fixed at 5MW for Solar PV and 100MW
for Solar Thermal projects. To avoid allocating entire capacity
to a select few corporate, guidelines required no two projects
to have the same parent company or common shareholders. In
case of over subscription, a reverse bidding process was to be
used to select the final IPPs based on lowest tariff they offer.
Several hundred IPPs responded to this RfS.
The approach for reverse bidding and methodology to calculate
the discount to be offered was presented by Shri Shakti
Alternative Energy Ltd through a webinar on 19 October 2010
on the eve of the reverse bidding by NVVN Download
presentation on Reverse Bidding by NVVN - What to
Expect.
[8]
The quantum of discount would depend on project
site location (i.e. solar radiation), technology used, simulated
energy generation, capital cost and interest cost. Multivariate
analysis was carried out using key variables like capital cost,
interest and the capacity utilization factor (i.e. CUF which is
actual generation of the plant and depends on the location
(radiation) and technology used)to calculate the levelized tariff
for a target equity IRR based on which the discount to be
offered can be determined.
The final 30 solar PV projects
[9]
selected had bids between INR
10.95 to INR 12.75. The Solar Thermal projects selected had
bids between INR 10.24 to INR 12.24. PPAs were signed with
IPPs in early January.
Domestic content controversy
Guidelines for the solar mission mandated cells and modules for
solar PV projects based on crystalline silicon to be
manufactured in India. That accounts to over 60% of total
system costs. For solar thermal, guidelines mandated 30%
project to have domestic content. A vigorous controversy
emerged between power project developers and solar PV
equipment manufacturers. The former camp prefers to source
modules by accessing highly competitive global market to attain
flexible pricing, better quality, predictable delivery and use of
latest technologies.
[10]
The latter camp prefers a
controlled/planned environment to force developers to
purchase modules from a small, albeit growing, group of
module manufacturers in India.
[11]
Manufacturers want to avoid
competition with global players and are lobbying the
government to incentivise growth of local industry.
Market responded to domestic content requirement by choosing
to procure thin film modules from well established international
players. A significant number of announced project completions
are using modules from outside India.
[12][13]

US Trade Representative has filed a complaint at World Trade
Organization challenging Indias domestic content requirements
in Phase II of this Mission, citing discrimination against US
exports and that industry in US which has invested hugely will
be at loss. US insists that such restrictions are prohibited by
WTO. India however claims that it is only an attempt to grow
local potential and to ensure self sustenance and reduce
dependence
Solar energy. The first
step to a brighter future.
Water Missions International

Water Missions
Founded 2001
Founder George and Molly Greene
Type Non-Government Organization
Focus Community Development Programs
and Disaster Relief
Location Charleston, SC - USA
Area served 49 countries
Method Safe water projects in developing
countries and disaster areas
Revenue USD $5,704,928 (2008)
[1]

Slogan Our mission is to be a best in class
Christian engineering ministry that
transforms lives through
sustainable safe water solutions.
Website www.watermissions.org
History
In 1998, under the direction of George and Molly Greene, General
Engineering Laboratories

responded to the devastation in Honduras
caused by Hurricane Mitch. They designed, constructed and
delivered six drinking water treatment units, each capable of
producing safe drinking water at the rate of 10 gallons per minute.
Within three weeks of the hurricane, sixteen volunteers from the
company were in remote locations of Honduras setting up these
water treatment units. This initial effort was called "Project Living
Water" and the water treatment unit became known as the Living
Water Treatment System.(LWTS)
Out of this effort, Water Missions International was founded. George
and Molly went on to sell General Engineering Laboratories
[8]
and
Water Missions International was officially established as a 501(c)(3)
non-profit in 2001.
[9]
WMI now has country programs with full-time
staff located
in Belize, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi,
[10]
Mexico,
and Uganda. "In 2004, the water mission sent more than 100
purification systems to communities in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after
the deadly tsunami, restoring drinking water to hundreds of
thousands of people.
Objectives
Conservation of water,
minimizing wastage and
ensuring its more equitable
distribution both
across and within States
through integrated
water resources
management
A drop of water is worth more
than a sack of gold to a
thirsty man.
India is in danger of moving towards water
scarcity conditions as per capita
availability of water is reducing in the
country, a Asian Development Bank official
said on Wednesday.
"The situation in India is also particularly
challenging given the size of the
population, its expected growth and
having only about four per cent of the
world's fresh water resources," Rana
Hassan, Principal Economist, India
Resident Mission, Asian Development Bank
said.
"In fact, with the projections that we
have before us, per capita average
annual water availability is reducing
and we are steadily in danger of
moving towards water scarcity
conditions," he added.

Water water water and water
Give me water in this hot
summer.
And water has atom, water has
favor,
And water water water and
water
Water as cloud, and water
drops
In action, in creation and
Water is the symbol of supreme
devotion.
Water, water. water and water
And in water there is true love
That is flowing within and
outside.