July 5, 1896

Manuel Sityar reported the

questionable activities of some
Filipinos.
August 13, 1896
Fr. Agustin Fernandez wrote to Don
Manuel Luengo (civil governor of
Manila) about the evening gatherings in
his parish, by men plotting against the
Spaniards
Circumstances that led to the discovery
of KKK
August 19, 1896



Having quarreled with another
Katipunero- Apolonio de la Cruz,
Teodoro Patio told his sister
Honoria about the existence of the
Katipunan
Honoria
Sor Teresa de Jesus
(Suggested that they told Fr.
Mariano Gil)
Teodoro
Patio
Father
Mariano Gil
After hearing Patios revelations, Father Mariano Gil-
accompanied by several Guardias Civiles immediately searched
the premises of Diario de Manila.
The katipunan was discovered.
August 21-22, 1896

Bonifacio called for a meeting at the house of Vidal
Acab.
Emilio Jacinto called the head of Katipunan
Council to discuss their measures against the
Spanish forces

August 23, 1986
Bonifacio, Jacinto and other Katipuneros met at Bahay
Toro, Pugadlawin, Balintawak, north of manila and
gathered at the residence of Melchora Aquino
(Tandang Sora)
August 23, 1896; Cry of Pugad Lawin/Cry of
Balintawak

Katipuneros tore their cedulas personales (certificates), the symbol of the
Filipino vassalage to Spain at the same time shouting. Long live the
Philippines! Long live the Katipunan!
This proclaimed their defiance to the Spanish government
Katipunang Mararahas ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Society of Engraged Sons of the
Country)

Hagdan bato, Mandaluyong
Last Manifesto
August 29, 1896

Melchora Aquino(Tandang Sora) was arrested and jailed at Bilibid (prison)
Pasong Putik, Novaliches

Battle of Pinaglabanan
Battle of Pinaglabanan
August 30,1896
The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan del Monte at
dawn.
Bonifacio, with his aide Emilio Jacinto, led a group of Katipuneros towards El Polvorin
Bonifacio and his men were outnumbered; due to heavy casualties, they were forced to
retreat to Balara


Gov.-Gen. Ramon Blanco issued a decree declaring a state of war in Manila and seven provinces of Luzon-
Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac and put them under martial law a few
hours after the Battle of Pinaglabanan.
Series of execution by the government began.
September 4, 1896 Four members of the Katipunan were executed at Bagumbayan.
On september 12, thirteen were put to death at Plaza de Armas Los Trece Martires. They were Lus
Aguado, Eugenio Cabezas, Feliciano Cabuco, Agapito Conchu, Alfonso de
Ocampo, Mximo Gregorio, Mximo Inocencio, Jos Lallana, Severino
Lapidario, Victoriano Luciano III, Francisco Osorio, Hugo Prez, Antonio
San Agustn.





22 prominent residents of Manila were imprisoned at Fort
Santiago for alleged involvement in the resurrection.
September 16,
1896
Rizal was arrested while on his way to Cuba
to serve as doctor for the Spanish army.
Rizal appeared before Col. Francisco Garcia
Olive to answer the charges against him.
November 20,
1896
Rizals litigation took place before a military court.
December 26, 1896
Gov. Camilo Polavieja approved the verdict to execute Rizal
by firing squad because of rebellion, sedition, and illicit
associations.
December 28, 1896
Rizal was shot at 7:03 am at Bagumbayan Field (now Luneta)
Eight Filipino soldiers, with eight Spanish soldiers behind them carried
out the execution.
December 30, 1896
Katipuneros in Cavite
Emilio Aguinaldo who led the revolt in Kawit on August
31, and Mariano Alvarez who liberated Noveleta on the
same day. Other military leaders rose to prominence,
notably Artemio Ricarte, Tomas Mascardo, Juan Cailles,
Vito Belarmino, Mariano Trias and Marcelino Aure.
August 31, 1896
Kawit Revolt
Liberation of
Noveleta
In Nueva Ecija, two thousand revolucionarios under
General Mariano Llanera, municipal captain of Cabiao,
attacked the Spanish Garrison in San Isidro.
September 2,
1896
Cry of Nueva
Ecija
Emilio Aguinaldo, mayor of Kawit, was then known as
Capitan Miong- the hero of the Cavitos.
September 5,
1896
Battle of Imus
The four Katipunan leaders taken prisoner
in the Battle of San Juan
September 6, 1896
The twin battles in Binakayan and
Dalahican.
They were the first humiliating defeat of
the Spanish army.
November 9-11
1896
Battle of Binakayan
Battle of Dalahican
Christian-Filipino soldiers mutinied under
the leadership of Corporal Felipe Cabrera
de los Reyes and Bugler Protasio
Aonuevo.
December 5, 1896



During the Philippine Revolution, Pandi played a vital and historical role in
the fight for Philippine Independence. It was in Kakarong de Sili, which
about 6,000 Katipuneros from various towns of Bulacan
Complete set of officials with Canuto Villanueva as Supreme Chief and
"Maestrong Sebio" as Captain-General of the Army.
The Kakarong republic was considered the first republic formed in Bulacan
and in the Philippines.


Battle of Kakarong de sili
January 1, 1897 Government troops under General
Olague-Feliu rushed to the fortifications of Karorong.
Revolutionaries were caught by surprise, resisted
with ferocious courage but they were overwhelmed
by the superior armaments of the enemy.
January 11, 1897 General Eusebio Roque
"Maestrong Sebio was captured.
The battle was considered Del Pilar's first "baptism of
fire" as a revolutionary general.
With the objective of ending the revolution...
Governor Polavieja lauched an all-out offensive
in Cavite.
February 15,
1897
A Spanish sniper killed Gen. Evangelista in the
Battle of Zapote
February 17,
1897
General Lachambre of the Spanish forces
captured Silang.
February 19,
1897
Gen. Antonio Zabala (Spanish) attacked Salitran which
was defended by Gen. Flaviano Yengko.
General Zabala was killed by Yengkos troops.
February 25,
1897
The Katipuneros led by Francisco del Castillo
attacked a Spanish garrison in Aklan.
May 17,
1897
Two katipunan councils in Cavite
Magdalo Council
Baldomero Aguinaldo (Emilio Aguinaldos cousin)
capital was in Imus.
Towns under its jurisdiction: Kawit, Dasmarias, Silang,
Amadeo, Mendez-Nuez, Bacoor, and Carmen.
Magdiwang Council
Mariano Alvarez (uncle og Gregoria de Jesus, Bonifacios wife)
capital is in Noveleta then it was transferred to Francisco de
Malabon (now Gen. Trias).
Towns under its jurisdiction: Rosario, Tanza, Naic, Ternate,
Maragondon, Magallanes, Bailen, Alfonso, Indang, San Roque
Imus Assembly
1
st
assembly was held in Imus on December
31,1896, to determine whether the Katipunan
should be transformed into another body with
governmental powers.
The assembly accomlished nothing definite.
Gen. Edilberto Evangelista draft a constitution
establishing the Philippine Republic.

Tejeros Convention
San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite on March 22, 1897.
Majority of those who attended were the Magdiwangs.
The session was presided by Jacinto Lumberas.
Severino de las Alas suggested that the convention should
resolve the issue of whether there should be a new government
to replace the Katipunan.
These are the first presidential and vice presidential
elections in Philippine history.


President

Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice-President Mariano Trias

Director of War

Emiliano Riego de Dios

Director of the Interior

Andres Bonifacio

Daniel Tirona, a Magdalo, protested Bonifacios
election
Aguinaldo was sworn into office inside the
Catholic Church of Santa Cruz de Malabon
(Tanza) together with other newly elected
officials.
March 23, 1897 Bonifacio drafted a document
called Acta de Tejeros signed by Bonifacio and
44 other plotters

Acta de Tejeros rejected the revolutionary government of
Aguinaldo because

1. The Tejeros Assembly lacks legality;
2. There was a Magdalo conspiracy to oust
Bonifacio from leadership;
3. The election of officials was fraudulent;
4. Actual pressure has been brought
upon the presidency .

April 19, 1897; Naic, Cavite Bonifacio and
his conspirators drew up and signed Naic
Military Pact.
41 men which included Bonifacio, Ricarte, Pio
del Pilar, and Severino de las Alas signed the
document.
An army corps under the command of Gen.
Pio del Pilar was created
Lazaro Makapagal escaped and informed President
Aguinaldo about the plan.
Bonifacio, his wife Gregoria, his brothers Ciriaco and
Procopio, and his loyal followers fled to Limbon,
Indang.
Aguinaldo ordered their arrest but Bonifacio resisted.
Ciriaco Bonifacio and two soldiers died while Andres
Bonifacio was wounded.
Bonifacio and his companions were brought to Naic
where he was court martialed.


Bonifacios Trial
May 5, 1897

People who testified against
Bonifacio

May 10, 1897

Placido Martinez was Andres
defense attorney while Teodoro
Gonzales was for Procopio.
They were charged with treason,
conspiracy to assassinate Pres.
Aguinaldo, and bribery.

Pio del Pilar he said that
Bonifacio forced the officers to
join him.
Severino de las Alas he testified
that the friars bribed Bonifacio
into fighting a war. He also
accused Bonifacio of burning the
convent and stealing. He accused
that Bonifacio and his men were
planning to surrender to the
Spaniards.
Pedro Giron he told the Council
that Bonifacio gave him an initial
payment of 10 pesos to assassinate
Aguinaldo but he (Giron) refused
the order.

Gen Noriel ordered Major Lazaro
Makapagal to release Bonifacio
from prison; he gave a sealed
letter.
The letter ordered the execution
of Andres and his brother Procopio
The Bonifacio brothers were
executed at Mount Nagpatong
(according to NHI), Maragondon.

The Spaniards attacked Maragondon.
May 10, 1897
Aguinaldo and his men left for
Batangas to help Gen. Miguel Malvar.
May 12, 1897
They went to Mount Puray,
Montalban.
June 10, 1897
June 12, 1897

Gen. Licerio Geronimo and his men
arrived in Montalban to join Aguinaldo.

April 23, 1897 Fernando Primo de
Rivera replaced Gen. Camilo
Polavieja.
Gov. Gen. Rivera issued a decree
granting pardon to rebels who would
give up their arms and surrender until
May 17.
Aguinaldo and his force seek refuge
in Batangas.
June 14, 1897 Col. Djiols attacked
Aguinaldos camp at Mt. Puray; they won
over the Spaniards.
Then President Aguinaldo organized the
Department of Central Luzon under the
jurisdiction of the revolutionary
government.


Fr. Pedro Dandan President
Dr. Anastacio Francisco Vice President
Paciano Rizal Secretary of the Treasury
Cipriano Pacheco Secretary of War
Teodoro Gonzales Secretary of the Interior
Feliciano Jocson Secretary of Welfare
The Biak-na-bato
Republic
The Biak-Na-bato Constitution
Constitution based on the Cuban Constitution
Drafted by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho
Signed on November 1, 1897

The constitution provided a:


Supreme Council
Emilio Aguinaldo
(President)
Mariano Trias
(Vice-President)
To end the clashes between Filipinos and Spaniards...

Emilio Aguinaldo
Gov. Gen. Primo
de Rivera
Pedro Paterno
Volunteered to act as negotiator
A ceasefire was declared by both camps and an agreement
between Aguinaldo and the Spanish forces was made

Pact of Biak-na-Bato
First document called Program. were signed on December 14.
This document says that de Rivera would pay 800, 000.

Second Document called Act of Agreement.
Reiterated granting of amnesty.

Third document discussed the question of indemnity, wherein Spain would pay a
total of 1, 700, 000 pesos.

Aguinaldo will receive P800,00(Mexican Pesos) as
remuneration to the revolutionaries and an amnesty.

SO.....
Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong on board the
ship Uranus
December 27, 1897

General Artemio Ricarte stayed behind at Biak-na-Bato


And so, Biak-na-Bato fails
WHY?

The Filipinos and the Spaniards did not trust each other.

As a result, periodic clashes between the two groups still took place
even after Aguinaldos departure from the country.

Aguinaldo and his officers went to exile but did not end the fight to win
the independence form Spain.