PRESENTED BY:

REEMA SHARMA
MBA 1st YEAR

1. Anecdotal - Information that is based on observations or
indications of individual actions instead of any organized
process.
2. Attrition - A term used to describe voluntary and
involuntary terminations, deaths and employee retirements
that result in a reduction to the employer's physical
workforce.
3. Blue collar workers - Hourly paid workers employed in
occupations that require physical or manual labour.
4. C-Suite A term used to describe members of the executive
team, i.e. CEO, CFO, CIO, COO, etc.
5. Career ladder - The progression of jobs in an
organizations specific occupational fields ranked from
highest to lowest based on level of responsibility and pay.

6. De-layering - An organizational restructuring strategy
meant to reduce the organizations existing levels of
managers or supervisors.
7. Dissatisfiers - Factors, such as working conditions, job
functions, pay and benefits or organizational policies and
practices, that contribute to employee dissatisfaction.
8. Employee handbook - A written or electronic document
containing summaries of the employers policies and
benefits designed to familiarize employees with various
matters affecting the employment relationship.
9. Featherbedding- An unfair labour practice occurring when
a union requires an employer to pay an employee for
services he or she did not perform.
10. Fringe benefit - Employment benefits granted to employees
in addition to their current base salary or wages.

11. Gold-collar employee - The term used to describe
individuals such as scientists, engineers and other highly
skilled employees who are in high demand and short
supply.
12. Grapevine - An informal communication channel used to
transmit information or rumours from one person to
another.
13. HR auditing - The process of assessing HR programs and
services to determine effectiveness or efficiency.
14. Human resource information system (HRIS)- A computer
database used to gather, store, maintain and retrieve
relevant employee and HR-related information.
15. Hybrid organization- An organization whose structure is
comprised of both vertical and horizontal models.


16. Icebreaker - A beginning exercise, game or simulation used
as a means to reduce tension and create a more relaxed
atmosphere during training programs.
17. Insubordination - The willful or repeated disobedience to
an order or directive from a higher level manager or
superior to a subordinate.
18. Intrinsic reward A reward given to an employee for
achievement of a particular goal, objective or project.
19. Job aids A document consisting of information or
instructions used to guide the user on how to perform a
task correctly.
20. Job bank - Refers to pools of retired employees who are
used by employers to fill part-time or temporary position
needs.


21. Layoff - A temporary termination of employees, or the
elimination of jobs, during periods of economic downturn
or organizational restructuring.
22. Libel - Defaming or harming an individuals reputation in
writing.
23. Nondisclosure agreement - A contract restricting an
employee from disclosing confidential or proprietary
information.
24. Open shop - An organization that hires workers without
regard to their membership in a labour union.
25. Perquisites - A form of incentives given to executive
employees granting them certain privileges or special
consideration, such as memberships in clubs, physical
fitness programs, financial counselling, etc.


poach, to To steal, to take something from somebody else by stealth. (cf. headhunters).
1. Brand Extension- A strategy whereby a firm uses an
existing brand name for a new product to be marketed to
the same market.
2. Canvas- Another word for prospecting where the sales
person is seeking information to establish potential
customers.
3. Consumer- An individual who uses a product or service
(they may not be the buyer).
4. Cooperative Marketing - When two companies work
together to promote and sell each others products.
5. Cross Merchandising - Also known as Add-On Sales. The
practice of putting related products together on display in
order to encourage customers to purchase several items.

6. Cross Selling- Selling different parts of a product range, that
they have not previously bought, to an existing customer.
7. Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)- The profitability of a
customer during the lifetime of the relationship with the
firm; this is distinct from their value during one transaction.
8. Customer Loyalty- The extent to which a customer tends to
repurchase from a specific firm, organisation or a particular
brand.
9. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)- The planning,
implementation and control of all interactions with
customers, clients and sales prospects.
10. Customer Service- Means by which a firm provides
customers with service that equals or exceeds their
expectations.

11. Database Marketing- The use of a database for storing
information about customers so that specific groups can be
selected and targeted for marketing activity.
12. Drip Advertising - An advertising campaign in small
amounts over a long period of time to ensure that the public
is continually aware of a product or service.
13. Demographic Segmentation- A method of segmenting
markets by demography.
14. Direct Close- This is the simplest closing method and just
involves asking the prospect for the order.
15. Generic brand-Products not associated with a private or
national brand name.


16. Hard Selling - An aggressive type of selling which puts a
lot of pressure on a prospective customer to buy a product
or a service.
17. Image advertising- Promoting the image, or general
perception, of a product or service, rather than promoting
its functional attributes. Commonly used for
differentiating brands of parity products.
18. Infomercial- A commercial that is very similar in
appearance to a news program, talk show, or other non-
advertising program content.
19. Knocking Copy - In advertising, the criticism or attacking
of a competitor or a rival product.
20. Logo- A visual symbol that identifies a company or brand.
It usually comprises a name, logo and symbols and should
be consistent in its use

21. Market Clearing Price - The price of a product or service
at which the level of demand equals the level of supply.
22. Marketing Information System- Often known as a MKIS
and is a planned and controlled system for gathering,
sorting, storing.
23. Mass Market- A very large segment or wide collection of
smaller segments.
24. Mates Rates - To sell a product or service to a friend or
family member at a discounted or reduced rate on the
normal price.
25. Niche Market- A small or narrow market segment

1. Abatement- A reduction in the assessment of tax, penalty or
interest when it is determined the assessment is incorrect.
2. Apportionment- The dividing of a loss proportionately
among two or more insurers that cover the same loss.
3. Attenuation- The fractional part of reduced energy or lost
power due to smoothing or filtering.
4. Autoregressive- Using previous data to predict future data.
5. Bailment- A situation in which one has entrusted personal
property to another.
6. Blanket bond- A fidelity bond that covers all employees of a
given class and may also cover perils other than infidelity.

7. Bootstrapping - where a business funds growth purely
through personal finances and revenue from the business.
8. Cession- A reinsurance term meaning that portion of a risk
that is passed on to reinsurers by ceding companies.
9. Clone Fund- A smaller version of a retail mutual fund, it is
offered as a subaccount in a variable annuity.
10. Concealment- The failure of an applicant to reveal, before
the insurance contract is made, a fact that is material to the
risk.
11. Disbursements - money that is paid out by a business.
12. Endowment- Endowment insurance pays the sum assured
upon the death of the life insured during the policy term or
on survival to the end of the policy term.

13. Excise duty - an indirect tax levied on certain types of goods
produced or manufactured in Australia including petrol,
alcohol, tobacco and coal.
14. Forex Market- An over-the-counter market where buyers
and sellers conduct foreign exchange business by telephone
and other means of communication.
15. Hire-purchase - a type of finance contract where a good is
purchased through an initial deposit and then rented while
the good is paid off in instalments plus interest charges.
Once the good is fully paid the ownership of the good
transfers to the purchaser.
16. Insolvent - a business or company is insolvent when they
cannot pay their debts as and when they fall due.
17. Invoice - a document provided to a customer to request
payment for a good/service received.

18. Line of credit - an agreement allowing a borrower the
ability to withdraw money from an account up to an
approved limit.
19. Mid-Cap- Company with market capitalization between
$2 billion and $7 billion.
20. Nostro account- A bank account held by a bank with its
foreign correspondent bank, in the currency of that foreign
country.
21. Outstanding debt- Outstanding debt is the amount due by
a policyholder towards his creditors or lenders.
22. Overdrawn account - a credit account that has exceeded
its credit limit or a bank account that has had more than
the remaining balance withdrawn.
23. Rebate- Term which in certain countries is synonymous
with a tax credit.
24. Repo Rate The rate at which the RBI lends money to
commercial banks is called repo rate.
25. Seed Stock-The shares or stock sold by a company to
provide start-up capital before carrying out an initial
public offering (IPO).
1. Blockade - The act of seizing commercial exchange with a
particular country, common during wartime.
2. Conglomerate - A corporation which consists of several
smaller companies with different business activities.
3. Consortium - A group of businesses, investors or financial
institutions working together on a joint venture.
4. Ethnocentrism - The belief that one ethnic group or
culture is inherently more superior.
5. Federation - An organisation which has been formed by
the joining together of a group of companies, clubs, etc.

6. Free Port - A port where goods can be brought and stored
temporarily, without custom duties having to be paid,
before being shipped to another country.
7. Free Zone - An area in a country where importers can
store foreign goods, prior to further transportation,
without having to pay customs duties or taxes on them.
8. Geocentric Multinational - A multinational in which the
subsidiaries are neither satellites nor independent city
states, but parts of a whole whose focus is on worldwide
objectives as well as local objectives
9. Glocalisation - Global Localisation. A term used when an
international company adapts its manufacturing methods,
products or services to suit local conditions.

10. Import quota- A direct restriction on the quantity of a
good that can be imported into a country.
11. Law of one price- The rule that without trade barriers and
transportations costs, identical products would cost the
same worldwide using the appropriate exchange rate of
currency.
12. Letter Of Comfort - A letter of approval written to a bank
by a parent company on behalf of a subsidiary company
which needs financial backing.
13. Master Franchise - Allows companies or individuals the
right to purchase a sub-franchise business which can be
developed in a particular area or country.
14. Mercantilism- An economic philosophy advocating that
countries should simultaneously encourage exports and
discourage imports.

15. Multilateral - Involving or agreed upon by three or more
groups, nations, companies, etc.
16. National Brand - A brand or product which is available
nationwide rather than a local brand which is available in
only one area of the country.
17. National Debt - The total amount of money owed by a
nation's government.
18. Non-Tariff Barrier (NTB)- A type of non-tax trade
restriction on imported goods which is used to make it
difficult for certain goods to be taken into a country.
19. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)- Free trade
area between Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
20. Parallel Market - A country's separate market which deals in
goods and currencies outside the country's normal official
government controls.


21. Positive sum game- A situation in which all countries can
benefit even if some benefit more than others.
22. Specific tariff- Tariff levied as a fixed charge for each unit
of a good imported.
23. Target Company - A company that another company or
organisation wants to acquire.
24. Tax haven- A country with exceptionally low, or no,
income taxes.
25. Trade Barrier - A governmental policy, action, or practice
that intentionally interrupts the free flow of goods or
services between countries.