GUIDED BY:

Prof. U. T. NAGDEVE SIR

PRESENTED BY:
ABHI LESH BADDELWAR

DHI RAJ KADAM
MANOHARBHAI PATEL I NSTI TUTE OF
ENGI NEERI NG AND TECHNOLOGY
GONDI A
Abstract
Introduction
Need of Smart Wheel Chair
Block Diagram
Component Description
Working
Software Design
Advantages
Applications
Conclusion
Future Scope
Reference



It is difficult to move with the mechanical wheel chair in
the surrounding. So that, we have made it automated as
Smart Wheel Chair.

In this technology, the Wheel Chair is totally operated on
touch screen using microcontroller and other external
accessories.

It is very beneficial to the handicap person to move on the
right path without any interruption that he choose.

I NTRODUCTI ON
In the technologically developing world patients with some
cognitive disabilities and impairment must be provided with
smart wheelchair systems for their easy navigation and safety.

The ability to choose between manual operating mode and
predefined operating mode uniquely presents capacity of the
wheelchair to operate in multiple environments.

Some patients which cannot manipulate the wheelchair with
their arms due to a lack of force face major problems such as
orientation, mobility, safety.

This is unthinkable thing that handicap person move without
the wheel chair where as it is difficult to move with the
mechanical wheel-chair in the surrounding.
With the increase of elderly and disabled people, a wide range
of support devices and modern equipment has been
developed to help improve their quality of life.
This system provides the touch screen on the right hand side
of the based wheel chair which having operating screen with
adjusting key settings which is easy to understand and
operate.

16X2 LCD
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L293D

MOTOR

ADC

Touch
Screen

ENCODER

RF
MODULE

Power
Supply
B. D. Of RECEI VER


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RELAY

DEVICE

RF
MODULE


DECODER

Power
Supply

IR
SENSOR
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled
products and devices, such as automobile engine control
systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office
machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded
system.

The AT89S52 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS
8-bit microcomputer with 2K Bytes of Flash programmable
and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

The Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer which
provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many
embedded control applications.

The microcontroller forms the heart of the this
technology. The microcontroller takes care of the control,
sequencing, monitoring and display functions.

The touch screen is an electronic visual display that can
detect the presence and location of a touch within the display
area.

It is sensitive to the touch of human finger, hand and passive
objects like stylus.

It is a two-dimensional sensing device, which is made of two
sheets of material separated by small spacers.

TYPES OF TOUCH SCREEN
Resistive Touch Screen: It consists of a flexible top layer made
up of polyethylene and rigid bottom layer made of glass. Both the
layer coated with a conducting compound of Indium Tin Oxide
and then spaced with spacers. When the monitor is operational an
electric current flows between the two layers.

Capacitive Touch Screen: It consists of a glass panel coated with
Indium Tin Oxide. A capacitive system transmit almost 90 percent
of light from the monitor. In this screen, only one side of the
insulator is coated with a conducting layer.

Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screen: It contains two
transducers (transmitting and receiving) placed along the x- axis
and y-axis of the monitor glass plates along with some reflectors.
The wave propagates across the glass and reflect back to the
sensor.




The resistive touch-screen used in this project. It consists
of a flexible top layer made of polyethylene and rigid
bottom layer made of glass. Both the layer are coated with
a conducting compound of indium-tin oxide(ITO) and
then spaced with spacers.
The 2 sheet are coated with a resistive substance, usually
a metal compound called Indium Tin oxide (ITO). The
ITO is thinly and uniformly sputtered onto both the glass
and the PET layer. Tiny bumps called spacer dots are then
added to the glass side, on the top of the resistive ITO
coating, to keep the PET film from sagging, causing of
false touch.
When a touch is made then the flexible screen presses down
to touch the bottom layer. A change in electrical current is
hence detected and the coordinates of the touch point are
calculated by the controller and pressed into readable signals
for the operating system to react accordingly.

An RF module is the Radio Frequency Module. It is a small
electronic device used to transmit and to receive radio signals
between two devices.

RF modules are widely used in electronic design owing to the
difficulty of designing radio circuitry and the manufacturing
process to ensure that the RF performance is not adversely
affected.


APPLICATIONS:
In Wireless security systems.
In Car Alarm systems.
In Remote controls.
In Sensor reporting.
In Automation systems.
TRANSMITTER: An RF Transmitter Module is four pin small
PCB sub-assemblies capable of transmitting a radio wave and
modulating that wave to carry data. The ST-TX01-ASK is an
ASK Hybrid transmitter module.


RECEIVER: An RF Receiver module is eight pin small pin
assemblies capable of receiving the modulated RF signal and
demodulates it. The ST-RX02-ASK is an ASK Hybrid receiver
module.
MCP3202 is a successive approximation 12-bit. Analog-to-
Digital (A/D) Converter with on-board sample and hold
circuitry.
The MCP3202 is offered in 8-pin PDIP, TSSOP and 150mil
SOIC packages.


FEATURES:
12-bit resolution.
Analog inputs programmable .
Single supply operation: 2.7V - 5.5V
100ksps max. Sampling rate at VDD = 5V
50ksps max. Sampling rate at VDD = 2.7V
Low power CMOS technology.
Industrial temp range: -40C to +85C

APPLICATIONS:
Sensor Interface
Process Control
Data Acquisition
Battery Operated Systems

The 212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote
control system applications.
They are capable of encoding information which consists of
N address bits and 12_N data bits.


The 212 decoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote
control system applications.
The decoders receive serial addresses and data from a
programmed 212 series of encoders that are transmitted by a
carrier using an RF transmission medium.

APPLICATIONS OF ENCODER AND DECODER:

In Burglar alarm system.
In Smoke and fire alarm system.
In Car door controllers.
In Car alarm system.
In Security system.
In Cordless telephones.
In Other remote control systems.

The IR sensor present at the based of wheel chair emits IR
signals continuously in all possible direction.

If any obstacle comes in the path of wheel chair then these
IR signals are obstructed from it and reflected back. Which
gives chance to wheel chair to change its path.

The DC motors is used in this project for movement of the
wheel chair in all possible direction. Not only in Forward,
Reverse, Left, and Right Directions but also clockwise and
anticlockwise directions.
The DC motors is couple to the dual bridge driver IC L298
which is controlled by the Microcontroller with the help of
Resistive Touch Screen.
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver, so with one IC we
can interface two motors that can interface two DC motors
that can be controlled in both clockwise and counter
clockwise direction and fix direction of motion.

TRANSMI TTER SECTI ON:
When we have touched to Resistive touch screen in different
portion and then we get different value. The output of touch
screen connected with ADC.
The ADC will convert this analog information into Digital
data and then it is apply to microcontroller.
The microcontroller takes care of the control,
sequencing, monitoring and display functions.
Through RF module touch screen information will be send to
receiver RF module and according to it device will be
ON/OFF.
Motor driver is interface two DC motors that can be
controlled in both clockwise and counter clockwise direction
and fix direction of motion.


RECEI VER SECTI ON:

The signal coming from the transmitter section is captured
by the RF Module through the media.
The Decoder decodes the entire information send by the
transmitter section and this decoded massage send to the
microcontroller.
The microcontroller captures this information which is
connected to the RF Module through the decoder. As per the
software design the microcontroller operate on it.
The Mechanical relays used to interface
the microcontroller with high power devices. This relays
used to ON/OFF the Device.



This technique can easily build on any wheel chair that we
want to make it automated.
The speed and direction of which can be controlled from a
touch screen.
It is very beneficial to the handicap person to move on the
right path without any interruption that he choose.
The external technical kit that can easily repair if some sort
of problems comes in the circuitry.
This technique easy to handle and understand which
reduces manpower.
It is less complex, highly accurate and economical.




The handicap persons present in the Hospitals, Old age
home centers, home, school, collages and any other
places can used this wheel chair.

The ill, injured or disabled can also used this wheel
chair.


We have described the system which is driven by the
touch screen and advanced algorithm. Though we are
mainly focusing on touch screen based system interface,
further advancements can be done through more research.

The interface and software can be modified and
redeveloped according to the level of disability of the
patient.

With the increase of elderly and disabled people, a wide
range of support devices and modern equipment has been
developed to help improve their quality of life.


This project can be extended to various application areas.

This project is not only applicable for handicap person
but also for the peoples who are not physically stand
properly.

This can be developed with Voice operated, Eye sensing
and highly sensitive Resistive touch screen and modern
technology.

The 8051 Microcontroller [Kenneth J. Ayala]

www.techtricks.wordpress.com

http://www.electroschematics.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/01/PIC16F877A-Datasheet.pdf