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=
2
2 2
2
I I
I
E U
dx
d
m
=
2
2 2
2
( )
( ) ( ) x E x x U
x
x
m
= +
c
c
) (
2
2
2 2
III III
III
E U
dx
d
m
=
2
2 2
2
E U
dx
d
m
=
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
) ( 2
where ,
) ( 2
E U m
C C
E U m
dx
d
=
(x) |
2
The probability densities
for the lowest three
states are shown
The functions are
smooth at the
boundaries
Outside the box, the
probability to find the
particle decreases
exponentially, but it is
not zero!
Fig 3.15
From Principles of Electronic Materials
and Devices, Third Edition, S.O. Kasap
( McGraw-Hill, 2005)
x = 0 x = a
0
E
1
E
3
E
2
E
4
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
n = 4
E
n
e
r
g
y
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
Energy levels in the well (x) sin(ntx/a)
Probability density |(x)|
2
4
0
a a
0
x
0 a
x
0
V
(
x
)
V = 0
Electron
V = 8 V = 8
Electron in a one-dimensional infinite PE well. The energy of the
electron is quantized. Possible wavefunctions and the probability
distributions for the electron are shown.
8